Question

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EXERCISE 25.11 blood pressure dropped to 70 mm Hg. Robert effort, and crackles were heard Robert was transported to the coronary care unit for further scenario, or clinical case. This exercise requires evaluation. Doctors performed an echocandiogram, which revealed multipke systenms in a case study reinforces a narrowing of the aorta, and hypertrophy of the left ventricle. ACLINICAL CASE STUDY IN ACID-BASE cosbano hea oa. exhibited poor inspiratory The purpose of this exercise is to apply the concept of acid-base information presented in this chapter, as well as previous chapsome ers. Integrating multiple systems Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed possible tests (see table 25.8. 2nd g. state how both the respiratory system infectious agents in the right upper lobe of the lungs. Doctors Admission). Robert's respiratiory distress and mental confusion pensisted, and he experienced several more bouts of hypotension low blood pressare). A lumbar puncture revealed elevated glacose and protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Pneumonitis is so important in physiology: homeostasis and the urinary system function to maintain homeostatic pH performed a series of laboratory levels in the blood. and hypotension pernsisted, and Robert was found just days later. Efforts to resuscitate Robert were unsuccessful. Answer the following questions regarding Robernt's case. L Describe how Robert's narrowed aorta might have Consult with the laboratory instructor as to whether this exercise will be completed individually, in pairs, or in groups. Review the topics of diffusion and osmosis and the cardsovascular lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems in the textbook and in previous chapters in this laboratory manual for assistance with this case study. contributed to chronic respiratory problems, such as Case Study 2. Based on Robert's chest radiograph resalts, describe how Robert, now 60 years old, was diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus at age 10 and has managed the disease with few com- plications by administering daily insulin injections. Fifteen years ago, Robert complained of extreme fatigue and his health began to decline. Within a few years, Robert was diagnosed with a failing heart, chromic hypertension (high blood pressure), and peripheral artery disease (PAD), in which the peripheral vessels become narowed or blocked eas exchange across the respiratory membrane might have been affected by his chronic respiratory problems Just two months ago, Robert exhibited signs of intermittert confusion followed by bouts of diarhea and intense feelings of weakness. He was unable to regulate blood glucose levels and he began experiencing respitay syonploms Eventually, 3. Justify Robert's blood and urine glucose levels (1st admission) based on the details of his case. Based on this data, estimate the volume of Robert's urinary output at that time. his breathing hecame labored and diffpolarly in the evenings as he would lie dosom to eep Sceneimes, these symptoms would wake him ep. c'yumes Eher only 1 or 2 hours of sleep. Robert went to the boxration Upon examination, doctors hest enckies fsce chapier 24) bilatcrally in his lungs. Deciors orderad a ches nadiagnaph and a series of laboratory tesis (soe talde 25.B, ist. Admision). The 4 Discuss what Robert's glomerular fltration rate revealed results of these tests indicated that Robet wos suffering from pneumonitis, or inflamnation of the tg ticsae. Robert was given a diuretic, which prevented tise esisorption of sodium in kidney tubule cells, and a broad-spectrum antibiotic to fight the infection. He was rcleased from the hospital just two days later about his systemic blood pressure Robert's condition worsened during the following weeks. The frequency of diarthea increased, and he was lethargic lacking energy) Robert had used up his supply of insulin injections when his sister found him unresponsive in his home. Emergency technicians arrived on the scene and transported him to the hospital. They recorded a blood pressure of 90/50 man Hg (reference 110/70 mm Hg), a pulse of 90 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation of 90%. Soon, 5. Describe how continued diarthea might have influenced Robert's blood pH. What could have been initiated?

Answer 1

1, When there is narrowed aorta(stenosis) it will allow blood to flow backward by the valve...The pressure inside the valve will increase it make more pressure causing fluid accumulation in the lungs which leads to pulmonary edema...
2, By the diffusion process gas molecular pass from high concentration to low concentration. blood low in O2 concentration and high in co2 concentration which involves in gas exchange. the gas exchange in lung happens with ventilation and perfusion. The movement of air in and out of the lung is ventilation, blood flow in the pulmonary capillary called perfusion. for the efficient gas exchange, ventilation and perfusion should be the proper one. if any blockage in the alveolar ducts or disease in the lung can affect the ventilation and perfusion and interfere with the gas exchange.
3, Due to high urine and blood glucose level Roberts urinary output increase it gets polyuria symptoms. There will be an abnormally large amount of urine, because when patient blood and urine glucose level body remove high glucose from the blood through the kidney. it also filters more water and the patient urinates more it makes increased urine output.
4, There will be a low glomerular filtration rate due to chronic hypertension. Due to high protein excretion, the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane increased and the length of the glomerular capillary and surface of the peripheral basement membrane reduce.
5, normal blood PH 7.35 to 7.45 when PH goes below 7.35 that is acidosis, and when the PH goes above 7.45 that is alkalosis. when there is too much diarrhea there will be low PH and bicarbonate deficiency. there will be more ketones in the blood called metabolic acidosis. there will be co2 compensation to help normal the metabolic acidosis it correct the acidemia. PH and the pco2 level will be same...