9. A longitudinal cohort study of adults born between 1931 and 1941 was published JAMA (April, 2018). Researchers found that American adults who experienced a “sudden and substantial loss of wealth” were 50% more likely to die in a 20 year period than those in their age group who were financially stable. After tracking income every other year for a 20 year period, they described “negative wealth shock” if net worth fell by 75% or more in a two year period. Mortality rates were compared with those who remained financially stable (64.9 deaths per 1000 person years v 30.6 deaths per 1000 person years). The findings suggest: (CHECK ALL THE APPLY) a. That financial stability is a major factor in physical well being b. Financial stress is the cause high blood pressure and inflammation c. Age is a confounding variable and, therefore, the results cannot be interpreted d. A steep Kaplan-Meier curve in those with “negative wealth shock”
Answer:
a) Financial stresses have been linked to migraine, cardiovascular disease, absences from work, insomnia, and more.our finances and the amount of stress you feel as a result can cause you to engage in a variety of unhealthy behaviors, from overeating to smoking to experiencing feelings of hopelessness and depression.
As healthcare leaders, we understand that a person’s job status, living conditions, and educational level can greatly impact his or her health. Research indicates that approximately 20 percent of a person’s health is based on heredity and access to medical care, while the remaining 80 percent is determined by physical environment, health behaviors, and socioeconomic factors.
b) stress may affect behaviors and factors that increase heart disease risk: high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, smoking, physical inactivity and overeating.
Yourbody releases adrenaline, a hormone that temporarily causes your breathing and heart rate to speed up and your blood pressure to rise.
c) the age is a confounding variable and therefore the results can be interpreted. Now a days Stress may be a response to a negative change in a child's life. But, excessive stress can affect the way a child thinks, acts, and feels. Children learn how to respond to stress as they grow and develop. Many stressful events that an adult can manage will cause stress in a child.
d) The Kaplan–Meier estimator, also known as the product limit estimator, is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data. In medical research, it is often used to measure the fraction of patients living for a certain amount of time after treatment.
9. A longitudinal cohort study of adults born between 1931 and 1941 was published JAMA (April,...
Harriet And Smoking Cessation This chapter’s case study demonstrates the usefulness of the Ecological Model and its interaction with individual-focused interventions, and it also draws together information from other models discussed in the chapter. The case study is presented in segments of a life course as well as an episodic perspective of factors involved in the case. It provides a perspective of the social changes that allow individual behavior changes to succeed, while also examining some of the processes involved...
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