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need to know therapeutic measures for dehydration

Answer 1

Definition of Dehydration :

Dehydration occurs when your body does not have as much water and fluids as it needs,

Dehydration can be mild,moderate,or severe,based on how much of your body's fluid is lost or not replaced ,severe dehydration is a life-threatening emergency,

Therapeutic Measurements for Dehydration :

Vital signs,

• Fever ,increased heart rate,decreased blood pressure,and faster breathing are signs of potential dehydration and other illnesses,
• Taking the pulse and blood pressure while the person is lying down and then after standing up for 1 minute can help determine the degree of dehydration ,

Urinalysis,

The color and clarity of  urine,the urine specific gravity (the mass of urine when compared with that of equal amounts of distilled water),and the presence of ketones (carbon compounds a sign the body is dehydrated ) in the urine may all help to indicate the degree of dehydration,

Blood Chemistries,

The amount of salts or electrolytes (sodium,potassium,bicarbonate) and glucose as well as indicator of kidney function (BUN and creatinine ) may be important to evaluate the degree of dehydration and possible causes,

A complete blood count (CBC) may be ordered if the doctor thinks an underlying infection is causing the dehydration ,other blood tests ,such as liver function tests,may be indicated to find causes of the symptoms,

=> Treatment :

Treatment in the emergency department centers first on restoring fluid (blood) volume and electrolytes, and treating any life-threatening symptoms while also trying to determine the underlying cause(s) of the dehydration,

If the affected individual's core body temperature is greater than 104 F (40 C), doctors will cool the entire body, they may promote cooling by evaporation with mists and fans or cooling blankets and baths,

Fluid replacement in moderate to severe dehydration :If there is no nausea and vomiting,fluid replacement may begin orally for some patients with moderate dehydration ,Patients are asked to drink electrolyte /carbohydrate-containing fluids along with water,

However ,if there are signs of moderate to severe dehydration (elevated resting heart rate,low blood pressure) ,fluids are generally given through an IV,

Disposition ,

If the patient's condition improves enough (most symptoms stop) in the emergency department ,the patient may be sent home ,preferably in the care of family or friends ,this is not an usual result for many patients that arrive at an emergency department with moderate dehydration symptoms,

If the patient remains dehydrated,confused ,feverish,has persistently abnormal vital signs,or signs of infection,they will likely be admitted to the hospital for additional treatment,

Degrees of dehydration	No or minimal dehydration	Mild to moderate dehydration	Severe dehydration
Re-hydration therapy	None	ORS 50-100mL/kg Body weight over 3-4 hours if vomiting is persistent the patient (child or adult )will not take ORS and is likely to need intravenous fluids	Re-hydration with Ringer's lactate solution (100 mg/kg)intravenously within 4-6 hours , Then administer ORS to maintain hydration until patient recovers
Replacement of losses	<10 kg body weight 500100 mL ORS for each diamheal stool or vomiting episode
Nutrition	Continue breastfeeding or age-appropriate normal diet	Continue breastfeeding ,or resume age-appropriate normal diet after initial hyderation

Medications :

If fever is a cause of dehydration,the use of acetaminophen (for example ,Advil) may be used,this can be given by mouth if the patient is not vomiting or as a rectal suppository ,if the patient cannot take anything by mouth,

Intravenous (IV) fluids and IV medication,including some that include electrolytes or medications that help normalize ,electrolyte levels are often used,Other IV medications may need to be used to treat underlying causes of dehydration (for example ,IV antibiotics for dehydration caused by infection ),

Prognosis of Dehydration:

When dehydration is treated and the underlying cause identified ,most people will recover normally ,Dehydration caused by heat exposure, too much exercise IQ, or decreased water intake is generally easy to manage ,and the outcome is usually excellent ,

However, the prognosis worsens as the severity of dehydration increase and also depends on how to appropriate treatment,

Prevention :

Taking in an adequate amount of fluid and food (they both often contain adequate electrolytes in a normal diet IQ) is the way most people avoid dehydration.