Question

1- Schizophrenia patients were randomized to receive either a 10-week Resistance Training (n=12) or Usual Care (n=13). Psychotic symptoms were measured at baseline and 10 weeks by a psychiatrist using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), The PANSS yields total psychotic symptom severity (Total), positive symptom severity (PSS) and negative symptom severity (NSS)scores. A repeated measures general linear model (also called Repeated Measure ANOVA) was used to analyze the intervention effects for psychotic symptoms. The time-by-group interaction results are shown in the table below. What can you learn from the data analysis results in this table?

The significant level is set at alpha = 0.05.

	Control		Resistant training		Time-by-group
PANSS	baseline	10 weeks	baseline	10 weeks	F	P
Total	56.31 +_ 5.34	57.02+_4.32	72.71+_5.22	58.99+_4.22	3.905	0.008
PSS	10.06+_1.81	11.40+_1.68	14.46+_1.76	11.79+_1.64	2.905	0.01
NSS	19.09+_2.35	20.16+_1.91	23.01+_2.30	17.41+_1.87	3.905	0.02

Select one or more

1. The decrease in total symptom severity score from baseline to 10 weeks reported by the resistant training group is not significantly different from that by the control group.
2. Patients receiving resistant training reported significantly more reduction in positive symptom severity from baseline to 10 weeks compared to the control group.
3. The decrease in total symptom severity score from baseline to 10 weeks reported by the resistant training group is significantly greater than that by the control group.
4. Total symptom severity score at 10 weeks for the resistant training group is significantly higher than that for the control group.

.

2- There are four levels of measurement. Variables measured at which two levels are often called continuous variables?

A-Nominal and ordinal

B-Interval and ratio

C-Ordinal and ratio

D-Ordinal and interval.

3- The use of inferential statistics permits the researcher to :

Select one:

1. Interpret parameters.
2. Describe data obtained from a population
3. Interpret the laws of probability
4. Draw conclusion about a population based on data from the sample.

Answer 1

from the table it was very much evident that the total score of PANSS was increased for the control group and decrased drastically for the treatment group after 10 weeks of the care. It was same in the case of positive symptom scale and negative symptom scale

so the folowing options can be correct in the question

1. Patients receiving resistant training reported significantly more reduction in positive symptom severity from baseline to 10 weeks compared to the control group.

. 2. The decrease in total symptom severity score from baseline to 10 weeks reported by the resistant training group is significantly greater than that by the control group

variables measured at two levels are called interval and ratio

1. Interpret parameters.

The data can be interpreted as the result of the resistant training for persons with schizophrenia has made the symptom severity less and made a positive outcome for the patient.

2. Describe data obtained from a population

The data were measured from the patients with the help of PASS. In all the cases the data were grouped in to treatment group and the control group. In the baseline assessment the scores were very low in control group compared with treatment group. After the treatment the scores of both treatment and control group were almost equal.

3. Interpret the laws of probability

In this sample alpha was set as 0.05 that means 95 percent of the sample mean belongs to the sample group.

D. Draw conclusion about a population based on data from the sample.

PANSS were found to be high in the treatment group and the scores were only comparable with the control group after 10 weeks. This can be due to some extraneous variables and it was not mentioned properly in the study.