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Why is It a standard practice to estimate the cost of debt using yield to maturity...

Why is It a standard practice to estimate the cost of debt using yield to maturity on a portfolio of bonds with similar credit rating and maturity as the firm’s outstanding debt?

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Raising capital through issuing bonds is one of the ways of raising debt.  A firm's outstanding debt may not be market traded. However, since bonds are market traded, it is easy to find the market value of bonds. Thus , if one is able to find a portfolio of bonds which are similar in credit rating (riskiness) and maturity as the outstanding debt, the Yields on the bonds can be used to find the cost of debt and subsequently value of firm's debt.

The reason to use Yield to maturity and not any other yield is because the Firm's outstanding debt is also assumed to be carried till maturity. Thus, the value of a firm's outstanding debt or its Cost can be estimated using the Yield to maturity (YTM) of portfolio of bonds with similar credit rating and maturity.

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