Question

Detail the concepts of Neuman's Systems Model of Nursing (300 words)

Answer 1

NEUMANS SYSTEM MODEL OF NURSING

This nursing model theory by the Neuman defines the relationship of an individual and the stressors and the response that was seen on the individual with the effect of those stressors.

Betty Neuman, a community health nurse has developed this theory, she also worked as a professor and a counselor.

she defines the basic or the central core of an individual structure is regulation of heat or body temperature, cognitive function, physical strength, and values.

Every individual is unique and it is called complete human on the basis of five such variables,

These are;

1. PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS- That is related to the functioning of the body

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS - The mental status and the cognitive functioning of an individual.

3. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS - the influence of the society and the culture in which the individual lives.

4.SPIRITUAL FACTORS - his belief and feelings.

5. VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT- which affects individual development such as aging etc...

she utilizes the use of all level of preventions such as primary, secondary and tertiary'

primary level - the prevention of an individual before the stressors affect

Secondary level-the prevention after the exposure of the individual to the stressors.

Tertiary level- keeping the health of an individual with the stressors in a range where he can utilize his maximum, and also all possible efforts are made to alleviate his sufferings.

according to Neuman health is a state in which all the subparts and the parts of the body work together with harmony within the client as a whole.

when an individual lives a normal healthy life and not influenced by any stressors, he maintains a flexible line of defense,

NEUMAN explained that the stressors which are positive or negative, interpersonal or intrapersonal, external or internal when it affects individual it invades the normal line of defense.

there are three layers which are surrounded by the core of an individual  

CORE

1st layer or the outer layer is called a flexible line of defense,

2nd layer or the middle layer is called the normal line of defense.

3rd layer and the innermost layer is called the line of resistance,

When stressors cross the first line of defense that is a flexible line of defense, it further affects the normal line of defense and creates an interference with the health and wellness and cause illness,

it can be reversed with the normal line of defense when sufficient energy is available at that point,

if there is inadequate energy present then it may lead to the death of an individual.

in health care settings this model is used to heal client in all aspects such as physical, mental, spiritual, etc..