Question

1. MATCH: 1 PCо, HCO Normal values pH 35 -7.45 Respiratory acidosis 36-44 mm 122-26 mbak , ceness a uslucorp. 4 м с 4 Compens 60 mm Mo Compen. 36 Meg 14 124 dicamps 28 mm Hg Juncomp 24 me ele pobkal' moglo 7:35 | Energian 9.52 Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis packed Comp Metabolic alkalosis uneompi Mis2 uncomp. (12 mainly incomp 36 megle Give an example of each condition above explaining the cause for the acid/base imbalance. (Extra credit for one extra disease in each category) * Respiratory Acidons -> COPD. * Respretory Olkabosis -> Pulmonan embolism * Metabolic Acidosis -> Kidney forume ( Ingestion of Aspin) * Metabric Alcolosis -> Dehydration (volenia)

Answer 1

Acid-Base Imbalance:

Respiratory Acidosis:

In respiratory acidosis, the lungs were unable to remove the excess carbon dioxide present in the lungs. So oxygen enters into the blood and results in the low PH of blood.

Conditions that cause respiratory acidosis:

COPD: Alteration in respiratory exchange results in the retention of CO2.

Asthma: Airway obstruction leads to impaired gas exchange and retention of Carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Respiratory Alkalosis:

In respiratory alkalosis, decrease in Partial carbon dioxide occurs due to alveolar hyperventilation. This causes increased blood PH and decreased bicarbonate levels.

Conditions associated with Respiratory alkalosis:

Pneumonia: In pneumonia, ventilation-perfusion mismatch results in decrease PaCO2 and increased blood PH. Thus results in respiratory alkalosis.

Congestive Heart failure: The condition where the decreased cardiac output results in decreased oxygen supply followed by hypoxemia. This may lead to respiratory alkalosis.

Metabolic Acidosis:

Metabolic acidosis is an acid-base disturbance of increased acidity level in blood plasma. The kidney was unable to remove the excess acidity level.

Conditions associated with Metabolic acidosis:

Diabetic ketoacidosis: In DKA, the body converts glucose into free fatty acids which again converted into ketones by the liver. The excess ketones lead to low PaCo2 and Low bicarbonate level and result in metabolic acidosis.

Kidney failure: Failure of kidney function leads to decreased acid excretion and fails to reabsorb bicarbonate results in respiratory alkalosis.

Metabolic Alkalosis:

It is the acid-base disturbance whereby the blood PH level become increased and bicarbonate level also increased. This occurs as a result of increased bicarbonate absorption in the kidney.

Conditions associated with Metabolic Alkalosis:

Hypovolemia:

In the hypovolemic state, the Glomerular filtration rate become reduced results in Potassium deficiency. The kidney was unable to excrete bicarbonate results in Metabolic alkalosis.

Hypokalemia:

In the case of hyperaldosteronism, the kidney prevents the excretion of bicarbonate in the urine. This causes the shift of potassium into interstitial fluids causes hypokalemia.