Question

Oxygenation Handout

Please answer all questions in your own words. No citations are needed for this assignment as the answers are located in your textbook. Please ensure your answers are brief so they will fit inside each box.

1. Describe the following cardiopulmonary terms:

Frank Starling law
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Index
Stroke Volume
Preload
Afterload
ECG
Normal Sinus Rhythm

2. Explain the waves in the heart’s electrical conduction system and what they represent:

P Wave
QRS Complex
QT Interval
PR Interval

3. Explain the following terms. Use table below.

Work of breathing
Ventilation
Inspiration
Expiration
Airway Resistance

4. What four factors affect oxygenation and ventilation?

5. What seven conditions affect chest wall movement?

6. Explain the characteristics/differences between left-sided heart failure and right-sided heart failure. How do these conditions affect efficient oxygenation? Use table below.

Condition	Characteristics	Effects on oxygenation
Right sided heart failure
Left sided heart failure

7. Explain the following impaired valvular functions: stenosis and regurgitation. How is oxygenation affected?

Condition	Characteristics	Effect on oxygenation
Stenosis
Regurgitation

8. Briefly describe the following disorders. Use table below.

Myocardial ischemia
Angina pectoris
Myocardial Infarction
Acute Coronary Syndrome

9. Define/explain the following. Use table below.

Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Atelectasis
Hypoxia
Cyanosis

10. What are the differences between the following chest pains? Use table below.

Cardiac pain
Pleuritic pain
Musculoskeletal pain

11. How does cardiac function relate to respiratory function and what common assessment data supports a diagnosis of impaired cardiac and respiratory function. Use table below.

Function	Definition	Assessment data
Cardiac
Respiratory

12. How does the following affect oxygenation? Use table below.

Fatigue
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Cough
Wheezing

13. Give one nursing diagnosis for a patient with alterations in oxygenation.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Give two specific outcomes for maintaining patent airway.

a)_____________________________________________

Answer 1

Answer: Frank Starling law: This law mainly focus on the stroke volume of the heart. It states that the stroke volume of the heart elevates when there is increase in the volume of the blood, specially in the ventricles.

Cardiac output: It can be defined as the amount of the blood that the heart pumps in one minute.

Cardiac Index: It can be defined as the surface area of heart which permits the comparison of heart function related to the various size.

Stroke volume: It can be defined as the amount of the blood that is being oumoed in single contraction by the left ventricle.