Question

1. Discuss long-acting, extended acting and enteric-coated medications ?

2. Identify areas for slow and rapid distribution of medications?

3. Discuss the action, indication, side effects, adverse effects, nursing consideration/ patient education information when administering antibiotics, antiviral, antituberculins, antifungals, immunosuppressant, and HIV drugs?

• Discuss the action, indication, side effects, adverse effects, nursing consideration/ patient education information when administering antibiotics, antiviral, antituberculins, antifungals, immunosuppressant, and HIV drugs.  

Answer 1

1.Discuss long acting,extended acting and enteric coated mefication

Long acting: slowly effective after initial dosage but maintaining its effects over a long period of time.eg: long acting insulin starts to act about 3 hr after administration and its action last for a number of hours

• Extended acting:Drug released slowly over time .There may be fewer side effect.eg:fentanyl,morphine sulfate.
• Enteric coated : An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied on oral medication that prevent its dissolution and disintegration in the gastric environment.coated with material that transit through stomach to small intestine before medication released.eg:caplet

2.Identify areas for slow and rapid distribution of medication

Drug distribution usually varied and depend on several factors such as blood perfusion ,tissue binding,regional pH,cell membrane permiability.

Additionally the rate at which drug enter the tissue depends on the flow of blood to tissue,the mass of tissue,the barrier existing between blood and tissue.

Once blood entered simultaneously distributed throuhout the body and eliminated.

Central compartment includes well perfused organ and tissue ie, heart ,blood ,liver,brain,and kidney with which drug distribute rapidly

Peripheral compartments includes adipose and skeletal muscle which are less perfused so the drug distribute slowly.

Antibiotics:It is bacteriocidal and bacteriostatics.It is used for all bcterial infections.Adverse or side effects are diarhhoea,vomiting,bloating and allergic reaction.

Antifungal:It inhibit the fungal cell wall synthesis and ergostero synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis.It used for all fungal infection.

Antitubercular drugs are different types and used for TB.Common drugs are isoniazid,rifampicin pyrizinamide,ethambutol and streptomycin.INH side effect is peripheral neuropathy

Rifampicin orange color discoloration in urine,sweat,saliva

Nurses responsibility

• Assess the drug allergy prior to administration
• Monitor cardiac,liver,renal and hepatic function
• Assess the condition which contraindicate to this drug
• Patient should be instructed to take drug on correct time,dose
• Advice to inform whether any unusual reaction occur followed by medicine administration.