Question

His parents bring an 18-month-old boy to his pediatrician because they have noticed significant delays in his development. The boy has yet to make the transition from crawling to walking. At 12 months, he had shown no signs of learning fine motor skills, such as the pincer-grasp technique. His parents also think that their son is very slow in developing any speaking ability (developmental delays) and seems to have problems understanding anything other people say (language comprehension). Simple phrases like “ma-ma” and “da-da” are the extent of his vocabulary. Medical records note that the mother consumed alcohol during her pregnancy. At birth, a neurological image test was performed to assess brain structure. Results revealed microcephalywith particular involvement of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, and diminished presence of white matter. On physical exam, the pediatrician notes that the boy has a smooth philtrum. His height, weight, and head circumference are all at <5% percentile for his age. In addition, the pediatrician determines that the patient has hand-eye coordination problems and mild hearing loss. Damage to which structures of the central nervous system is most likely the cause of the boy’s delay in language comprehension? And why is it the cause?

What are some possible diagnosis or hypothesis?

Answer 1

Microcephaly;

microcephaly of at alle a occipito frontal circumference more Than 3 standard aleviation (SD) below the mean for given sex, age and gestation - Pemary microcephaly is used to describe condition associated with reduced generation & neurons during Neural development and migration, Secondary microcephaly follow ay a insult to a previously normal brair cousing reduction is the number of derdritic Prouss and synaptic connections t

Causes of microcephaly;

causes - - >> Trisomy 21,18,13 Newral tube defects its a → phenylketonuria, > Teratogers - alcohol, Tobacco, cocãri > Infections - cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplen vives, merozoitis. - Autosomal reassine, autosomal abomisark ax-tirked

Which structure affected in languages impairment;

Left hemisphere of the brain;

. left hemisphere of The Brain &. » It is mais structure for the language, and also for speech Thuwise called as dominant speech of hemisphere a dominant hemisphere sometimes on right side of the brain who are on left handed person U

Broca's area;

Bioca's a ara

Broca's area small area on the left side of The Brais (but is sometines on The right on the left handed Individuals ☆ It involves ir Important languace Processing when isdividuals but They damaged occus to the area find its efficult to speak can understand the speech

Probable diagnosis;

» Agraphia Tays graphia > gaaphorshea » Alalila s syslalia coprolalila Echolalia » maurocephaly, Trisomy 21, - microcephaly, Down syndrome. » Epilepsy, Praniosynostosis