Question

Please help re word this passage! The intellectual disability, alternatively known as “general learning disability and mental retardation” is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder. This disability is mainly described by considerably reduced functioning of intellect and abridged capacity to adapt to things and situations. The people who are a prey to this intellectual disability are said to have an IQ which is not more than 70. It was known to focus only on Cognition or knowledge, the definition now covers various aspects of mental functioning and individual’s skills in day-to-day life. As a result of this focus, as per the revised definition, on the person's abilities in practice, a person with an unusually low IQ may still not be considered to have intellectual disability. Intellectual disability is further subdivided into syndromic intellectual disability and non-syndromic intellectual disability. In Intellectual disability, the shortfalls associated with other medical and behavioral signs and symptoms are considered. Whereas, in non-syndromic intellectual disability, intellectual deficits appear without other abnormalities. Some examples of syndromic intellectual disabilities are: Down syndrome and fragile syndrome. This disability is known to affects about 2–3% of the general population. Seventy-five to ninety percent of this group of affected people, have mild intellectual disability. Non-syndromic, or idiopathic cases make up 30–50% of these cases. About one-fourth of such cases are known to have occured by a genetic disorder, whereas about 5% of cases are inherited from a person's parents. An intellectual disability, (mental retardation), is a psychological term for people with a very low IQ and the one’s who have problems with daily functioning. Intellectual disability constitute four levels of intellectual disability: mild, moderate, severe, and profound, the main symptom of which is difficulty in thinking and understanding. Life skills that can be affected owing to this, for e.g., it may cause an impact on certain conceptual, social and practical skills. Intellectual disability is categorized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning reasoning, learning, problem solving as well as in adaptive behavior. It includes a range of everyday social and practical skills and is known to originate before a person attains the age of 18 years.

Answer 1

Among neurodevelopmental disorders , learning disability is the most common type . In this type of disorder there is no normal development of the brain hence the child has reduced brain functionings and cognitive abilities . Those who have this intellectual disability have lower IQ than normal. Earlier the focus of such type of disorder was only the cognitive aspect only but now the defination has expanded to normal mental functioning and activity of daily living . Because of this amendment in the defination , the people with a low IQ is not considered as having intellectual disability because they have normal mental functioning and are able to do day to day skills .

Intellectual disability is divided into syndromic intellectual disability and non- syndromic intellectual disability . In Syndromic Intellectual disability, the causes associated with other medical and behavioral signs and symptoms are considered. Whereas, in non-syndromic intellectual disability, intellectual deficits appear without other abnormalities. Some examples of syndromic intellectual disabilities are: Down syndrome and fragile syndrome etc .70-90% of people with syndromic intellectual disability have mild intellectual disability. Non - syndromic intellectual disability covers 30-50% of cases .Out of which 1/4 is due to genetic factors and 5%is due to inheritance.

For people with low IQ , intellectual disability is considered as psychological term and it is divided into four categories :-

Mild

Moderate

Severe

Profound

All these are categorised by limitations in the intellectual functioning , reasoning , learning , problem solving and adative behaviour . Intellectual ability includes everyday social and practical skills which develops before a person becomes 18years of age .