Question

avoided. What would you tell ule Sur care? 2. One of your friends has recently married and has now confided in you that she is pregnant/ She know you're taking this class in life-span development and asks for your input concerning what she can expect when giving birth, and she wants your suggestions concerning her childbirth options. What would you tell her about the three stages of birth, complications she might expect, options about the type of drugs, and the childbirth strategies that are available to her? RULED NOTEBOOK SHEETS E STAR ****

Answer 1

Pregnancy and child birth is an episode that can cause intense stress and anxiety to the mother .So it's the nurses responsibility to explain the entire process to her,answer all her queries.I would explain her in aspects of stages of labor, complications involved,medication options,birth strategies.

Stages of pregnancy

Pregnancy is broadly divided into three parts or trimester each consisting of three months each .the first trimester is from the time if conception to three months this is the month in which all the vital organs of a baby are developed this is the time when a mother feels all the early pregnancy symptoms like nausea, vomiting.second trimester is often called as the honeymoon period where all these symptoms take a back seat but mothers may have low back pain due to increase in baby bump.Third trimester is the last three months of pregnancy in which the mother is getting ready for her labour.

Stages of labor

Labor is once you complete more than 36 weeks of gestation and the mother starts preparing for the delivery.there are three stages of labor

First stage:This is the period between the time of first contractions till the cervix is 10cm wide .baby can be delivered only when the cervix is fully dilated .for a primigravida this stage can be somewhere between 8-12 hrs and for multigravidae it can be somewhere between 2 hrs to 30 mins.At this stage the mother will have contractions at an interval if 10 mins each

Second stage:This is the time between the cervix being fully dilated to the delivery of the baby.this takes somewhere between 10-30mins.Dyrung this stage the mother has to push the baby down at each contractions.

Third stage:This the stage from the delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta.This is a relaxed stage in which the mother will be still in the lithotomy position and the placenta is slowly delivered out .This is the stage which can lead to hemorrhage if not delivered appropriately.

Complications involved in pregnancy

There are some mild to severe complications associated with pregnancy

Early pregnancy complications are ectopic pregnancy in which the fertilised embro implants outside the uterus .which leads to discontinuation of pregnancy.miscarriage is another early pregnancy complications if can be due to poor implantation, infection.

Placental complications like placenta abruptio in which placenta is detached from the fetus causing fetal death and bleeding,placenta previa in which the placenta is positioned at the mouth of cervix which can lead to miscarriage.

Gestational diabetes:Few mothers may have high blood glucose levels leading to insulin Adminstration during the second trimester.

Eclampsia or preeclampsia is caused by high blood pressure causing seizures ,HELLP syndrome in mothers it is most common is elderly gravida,history of smoking Hemorrhage:During the last stage of labour there is chances of hemorrhage which can cause maternal mortality.

Amniotic fluid complications:There are times when a mother may have too much or too little of amniotic fluid which can lead to preterm labour or intra uterine growth retardation.

Medication or pain management options in pregnancy

Labor involves lot of pain and mothers remain very anxious about managing pain effectively.Various medication options are.

1)pain killers: These medicines are systemic pain killers like opiods which reduces the intensity of pain.

2)Epidural pain killers or epidural block:in this method an analgesic will be injected to the epidural space which can cause pain relief and mild numbness in the lower extremity .The dose given is a low dose so that the mother has sensation to push the baby down.

3)local analgesic: injections like lignocaine will be injected lacallt at the perianal region or just before episiotomy to relieve pain.

4)Spinal anesthesia:In this type of anesthesia the anesthetic medicine along with analgesics are injected to the spinal region leading to loss of sensation and pain relief which last for one to two hours.this method is usually used for caesarean section.in this method you are completely alert

5)General Anesthesia:this is another form of anesthesia in which you are completely sedated and anesthetized you will not come to know anything that's happening around.A airway tube may be placed and medications may be injected using a cannula.This method is also fine for cesarean section.

Delivery options

There are many birth options available nowadays.

Normal delivery :in which the baby is pushed down manually

Forcep assisted delivery:in babies with big head a pair of forcep is used to help baby deliver

Vaccum assisted delivery:In this a vaccum is attached to the head of the baby and helps in delivery.

Water birth:This is a newer method studies shows that it reduces pain .this like a normal delivery conducted in a water bath in which the mother pushes the baby in the water.

Cesarean section:in which the baby is delivered by giving incision to the mothers uterus.it can increase your hospital.

These are the different education provided to a pregnant lady.