Question

The objective this week is to synthesis information in writing the review of literature. Activity 1 1. Choose one of the focus areas for your paragraph from (a), (b) or (c): a. Educational considerations b. Brain drain effect c. Benefits to sending countries 2. Read carefully the different relevant points put forward by the different authors/sources 3. Identify the similarities in the positions and write a coherent account of their views. Be sure to use appropriate reporting verbs to do so. 4. Identify area/s of divergence and represent this/these too, using appropriate reporting verbs 5. Ensure that your voice is evident in the paragraph.

Answer 1

The topic, "Developing Countries: The Migration Phenomenon", revolves around the human migration that can be defined as the process of moving from one place to another, it can be within as well as outside the international boundaries.

Migration can be directly related to following:

1. Migration and Education
2. Migration and Work
3. Migration and Development

Migration consists of any type of movement of individuals. It is not any recent phenomenon, it has always been in practice since ages. People usually migrated from one place to another, country to country and continent to continent.

1. Considering the option (c) to be our point of discussion.

Benefits to sending countries- It simply means that means that when humans migrate from one location to the other, or from one country to another crossing the international boundaries, there are certain benefits to both the countries of the source and the destination. We will keep note on the benefits to the sending countries.

The benefits can be as under:

• Education: The source country i.e. the country from which the human migrate to other country benefits in a way in the field of education. This happens in case when an individual migrate to other countries for further higher studies on a Student Visa to get expertise in a particular field. This helps the source country to get rich education for their own countrymen and bring foreign knowledge to their homeland.
• Development: The source country also seeks for a developmental change as a result of migration since this helps in bringing on a change in the development with the latest trends popular worldwide. The latest trends in the development methods worldwide can be introduced in the home country with the use of the information provided by the migrated individuals.
• Economy: The source country also observes an appraisal in the economy as well since the migrated individuals brought in foreign currency that helps in rising of domestic currency by the application of financial methods. The migrated individuals helps in empowering the economy by spending some years on the foreign land then returning to own domestic country to help it grow.

These are some benefits of the migration phenomenon in the long run.

2. Some points by the authors:-

• Poor countries exhibit higher schooling gaps.
• Population happens to be the main reason of poor education or schooling gaps.
• Investment in education in a developing country can't lead to a faster economic growth since the highly educated individuals will shift to other countries.
• Brain drain is quite popular in small countries that are linked to larger strong economy countries.
• Since the highly educated or skilled human migrate which happens to be their scarcest resources, brain drain is observed as a drag on economic development.
• Brain drain can be essentially beneficial if there is balanced proportion of the educated workers in the economy and in the international boundaries.
• Some theories also suggest that remittances, return migration, network effects and technology diffusion along with brain gain channels, may compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital.

3.

• In educational considerations, all the authors suggested the schooling gap is the real problem because of the poor economy of the countries.
• Brain drain in a way benefits the destination country and it is not so beneficial for the domestic country since its investment in the education sector is of no use when individuals move out of the country after being educated and benefit the international boundaries.
• Lastly, the sending countries can only benefit if there is a proper balance of shifting migrants and working professionals in the country. Moreover, several other benefits are also associated with the phenomenon of migration.

4.

• In educational consideration, one author has stated that the population is the real cause of slowing down of the economy and poor education while the other author stated the poor countries exhibit larger schooling gaps and the schooling gap decreases with the rising human capital.
• Brain drain effect, one author stated that the investment in education in a developing country will not lead to faster economic growth since its individuals will shift to the other countries. The other author stated that the brain drain is strong in small countries that are share their boundaries with the strong economy countries. Also, one author has suggested long consequences of high skilled emigration.
• Benefits to sending countries, as per one author it is only beneficial with a balance of both the working professionals in domestic country and international boundaries. While the other author suggests with a reference of theoretical studies that emphasize certain compensatory effective benefits. showing that a limited but positive emigration rate can be beneficial for sending countries. The other author mentioned certain benefits like remittances, return migration, network effects, technology diffusion as well as brain gain channels that can compensate the sending countries for their loss of human capital.

Thus, I hope my views on this migration phenomenon will help you. Thanks for reading. Do support me by liking my answer.

Have a good day ahead.