Question

C++ programming. Please provide copy/paste code and a screenshot of the code being ran in the compiler.

Vertebrates are the types of animals that typically have backbones with a bony skeleton and a brain. Vertebrates can be mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds.

Based on this information, do the following:

• Create a C++ hierarchy of the vertebrates class along with the attributes (variables) and behaviors (functions) using C++ syntax.
• Is this an example of single inheritance or multiple inheritance? Why or why not?
• Provide the access specifiers (public, private, and protected) for each class member in a class, and state the reason.

Answer 1

Program:

 #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Vertebrates { protected: string name; public: void Print(); }; void Vertebrates::Print() { cout << "Vertebrates can be mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds" << endl; } /////////////////////////////////////// // THE Mammals DERIVED CLASS class Mammals: public Vertebrates // <- if you don't include that public keyword, public methods won't get inherited. { private: bool alive; public: Mammals(); void RegulateBodyTemperature(); }; Mammals::Mammals() { // We're able to access the protected variables from the Vertebrates class // even though we didn't declare it in this class. name = "Mammals"; // We can also access our own private variables. alive = true; } void Mammals::RegulateBodyTemperature() { cout << "Mammals can regulate their body temperature." << endl; } /////////////////////////////////////// // THE Reptiles DERIVED CLASS class Reptiles: public Vertebrates // <- if you don't include that public keyword, public methods won't get inherited. { private: bool hasLimbs;//Snakes are exception public: Reptiles(); void LayEggs(); }; Reptiles::Reptiles() { // We're able to access the protected variables from the Fish class // even though we didn't declare it in this class. name = "Reptiles"; // We can also access our own private variables. hasLimbs = true; } void Reptiles::LayEggs() { cout << "Reptiles are oviparous and the eggs are very yolky." << endl; } /////////////////////////////////////// // THE Birds DERIVED CLASS class Birds: public Vertebrates // <- if you don't include that public keyword, public methods won't get inherited. { private: bool canFly;//Snakes are exception public: Birds(); void Fly(); }; Birds::Birds() { // We're able to access the protected variables from the Fish class // even though we didn't declare it in this class. name = "Birds"; // We can also access our own private variables. canFly = true; } void Birds::Fly() { cout << "Birds have ability to fly." << endl; } /////////////////////////////////////// // MAIN int main() { Vertebrates vertebrates; vertebrates.Print(); Mammals mammals; mammals.RegulateBodyTemperature(); Reptiles reptiles; reptiles.LayEggs(); Birds birds; birds.Fly(); // The derived classes inherited the Verebrates Print method ONLY because we used // the public keywordwhen we did "class Mammals: public Vertebrates". You don't // HAVE to use the public keyword, but if you do then the derived class // inherits the base classes public variables and methods. mammals.Print(); birds.Print(); reptiles.Print(); return 0; } 

OUTPUT:

Vertebrates can be mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds Mammalsa can regulate their body temperature. Reptiles are oviparous and the eggs are very yolky. Birds have ability to fly. Vertebrates can be mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds Vertebrates can be mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds Vertebrates can be mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds

The above program is an example of Single Inheritance because there is only one parent class from which all the child classes are deriving from.