Ionization energy may be defined as the minimum energy required to remove the valence electron from the gaseous atom.
Here the first reaction is the removal of an electron from copper metal or elemental copper. This is actually the first ionization reaction for copper as copper releases one electron to become a mono positive cation.
In the second reaction, it is the second ionization reaction for aluminum. Aluminum is already present in a mono positive state and further removal of electron results in dipositive aluminum cation. For the dipositive cation, we need to give more energy than the first ionization enthalpy.
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** If any of the questions doesn't show well, switch your web browser to Google Chrome. © 2020 University of South Florida. All rights reserved. Question 2 1 pts Determine if each of the following statements is true or false. 1) An anion has a smaller radius than the atom due to the removal of electrons. [Select] 2) A Ca2+ ion has a smaller radius than a Ca a (Select] Next →
* If any of the questions doesn't show well, switch your web browser to Google Chrome O2019 University of South Florida. All rights reserved. Question 3 1 pts Fill in each blank with an integer. The molecule shown in the figure below contains sigma (o) bond(s) and pi (TT) bond(s). :O: CEC-C H oH Previous Next