Question

A compound with the molecular formula of C₇H₁₆ has the following physical properties: mp= -123.8 C; bp= 79.2 C; density = 0.6739 g/mL. There are several compounds with that formula. Use a reference book to determine the name and the structural formula of the isomer with those specific properties. Hint: Use the boiling point index at the end of the section “Physical Constants of Organic Compounds” in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.

Determine the boiling point, water solubility and density of the following hydrocarbons: ethane, n-butane, n-hexane, n-octane and n-decane. Ethane and butane, since they are gases at room temperature and pressure MAY have the densities listed as gases. If that is the case they will have units of g/L or g/m³. You will need to convert those to g/mL so you can compare the densities.

A. In the space below, construct a table that lists the hydrocarbons by increasing molar mass including the data that you collected above.

B. Based on the table above, suggest a correlation, if any, that may relate the molar mass of hydrocarbons to their boiling points, densities and water solubilities.

C. Manually plot a graph of boiling point versus molar mass for the hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Hydrocarbon	Boiling Point	Water Solubility	Density
Ethane	-89 C	56.8 mg/L	1360 g/ml
n-butane	-1 C	61.0 mg/L	2480 g/ml
n-hexane	68.5 C	9.5 mg/L	0.6606 g/ml
n-octane	125.1 C	0.007 mg/L	0.703 g/ml
n-decane	173.8	Insoluble	0.730 g/ml

Fron the abobe table, we can concluded that the boiling point increases with increasing molar mass of the hydrocarbon. But no effect on solubility and density.

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