Question

1. Which is more basic – aniline or ethylamine? Explain in terms of electron density at nitrogen.

2. How does a phase-transfer catalyst work?

3. Draw the sequence of reactions required to convert aniline to benzene.

4. Draw the product of reductive amination using acetone and N-methylethylamine.

5. Draw the Hofmann elimination major product of the following quaternary ammonium salt:

Answer 1

2) A phase-transfer catalyst enables the reaction in a heterogeneous system between general organic compounds soluble in organic solvents and compounds soluble in water such as inorganic salts. The reaction can be accomplished in a biphasic system of an inexpensive nonpolar aprotic solvent and water without using DMSO or DMF which are high-polar solvents. A phase-transfer catalyst is soluble in both solvents, and it carries anions of inorganic salts into organic solvents and returns them into the water phase.

4)

(CH3)2CO +    CH3-NH-CH2-CH2-NH2-------> CH3-NH-CH2-CH2-N=C(CH3)2

mans is more Basishan Aniline because Ipomogeni oniline is delocalised on the Benzene eng olish decacases the lesbo densisco Nitrogenood kuce It is less Basic Basic Cuan omylamine que wherea No such effect is observed NM2 NC- NONO, + HCl El Nono, they Hoffmann elimination + Nime,