Question

An evolutionary tree is shown below. Similar genes are represented by boxes. The letters X, Y, and Z represent different species. Similarly colored genes designate genes present in the same species Use the hypothetical evolutionary tree below to answer the following three questions. ancestral gene speciation 1 colored genes t in the same species (species X, Y, or ate genes duplication 1 .For example, the pink "Z genes- Za, Zp, and Zp2- are present in species Z. speciation 2 duplication 2 Yu Za a) Which genes are homologs?(b) Which genes are orthologs?(c)Which genes are paralogs? Zp and ZP Za and Zp Za and ZP X and ZA Ya and Y YB and Ya and Zß ZB and Zp Za and Zp

Answer 1

Answer 2

homologs: all the options since they are all descendent from the same ancestor.

orthologs: all options that are between different species. you need to look at x,y,z which represent different species and choose options were these are different. these are :

Yα and Zβ1

X and Yα

Yα and Zα

X and Zβ2

paralogs: all options that are between the same species. you need to look at x,y,z and choose the options that are in the same species. these are:

Yα and Yβ

Zβ1 and Zβ2

Zα and Zβ2