1. Receptor endocytosis down regulates the signalling from receptor tyrosine kinases and terminates the cascade.
2. Pathway crosstalk takes place when different cascades use common intermediate.
3. Paracrine signalling explains the inflammation at the insect bite site. The signalling molecules affect the nearby cells in paracrine signalling.
4. Carboxy terminal end of the G-protein coupled receptor faces the intracellular environment.
How is signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases terminated? GTP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis receptor endocytosis Arrestins Pathway...
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of these steps indicates the protein is activated after a GTP exchange step? B. (3pts) Which of these proteins can be deactivated by phosphatases? C. (4pts) Describe a mutation that would cause Ras to be permanently "on"? Would this mutation lead to high...
Some survival factors activate receptor tyrosine kinases upstream of the PI-3-kinase-Akt pathway. How does this pathway promote cell survival? Akt phosphorylates and inactivates an inhibitor of Tor. Akt phosphorylates and activates the antiapoptotic protein Bcl. Akt phosphorylates and inactivates the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax/Bak. O Akt phosphorylates and inhibits the Bcl2 inhibitor Bad. In most cases, how many mutations are required for a normal cell to turn into a cancer cell? O more than three O generally only one O cancers...