exercise 5.2 questions 1-4
executive and yet others without talking on hjects have 2 years of...
executive and yet others without talking on hjects have 2 years of driving The remaining participants have 4 years 157 Applications Tercises word lists have been este participants have a minute to recall y wed as they can in any order that occurs hands-free phone, an phone at all. Half experience. The per driving experience and why is we some samie a Spot the Confound(s) reach of the s wing, identify the independent and depende levels of each independent variable, and find e s variable that has not been adequately on hat is creating a confound). Be sure not to validity. Use the format illustrated in The extraneos van led ble that is creating and externali 4. A social psychologist is interested in helping behavior and happens to know the male date dents who would be happy to assist. The first (Felis) is generally well dressed, but the second (Oscar doesn't care much about appearances. An experiment is designed in which passensby in a mall will be approached by dent who is either well dressed Felix shabbily-dressed Oscar. All of the testing sessions occur between 8 and 9 o'clock in the evening, with Felix working on Monday and Oscar working on Friday. The student will approach a shopper and ask for a dollar for a cup of coffee Nearby, the experimenter will record whether or not people give money driver (club I) will drive a golf the competing brands (clubs 2 ne in the bild acts Bern are meruited Each se company is trying to determine if a luh 1) will drive a golf ball greater distances the ating brands (clubs 2-4). Twenty male golf tedEach golfer hits 50 balls with club the with 2. then 50 with 3. then 50 with 4. To deal the experiment takes place over the first four holes of the first set of 50 balls is hit from the e the second SO from the second tee, and so on. The are all 380-400 yards in length, and each is a the fi he scene cly they tual golf course B first four holes are all 380-400 yards in por 4 hole. levated a more Etem is on are Exercise 53. Operational Definitions (Again) In Chapter og Setlere shout operational definitions and completed an exercise on the operational definitions of some familiar constructs used in psychological research. In this exercise. you are to play the role of an experimenter designing a study. For each of the four hypotheses . Identify the independent variables), decide how many levels of the independent variable(s) you would like to use, and identify the levels. b. Identify the dependent variable in each study (one dependent variable per item) c. Create operational definitions for your independent and dependent variables y. The He and are shab- er the enter well ment. 1 A researcher is interested in the ability of patients with schiz cchrenia to judge time durations. It is hypothesized that loud noise will adversely affect their judgment. Participants are ested two ways. In the "quiet" condition, some participants are tested in a small soundproof room used for hearing tests. Those in the noisy" condition are tested in a nurse's office where a stereo is playing music at a constant (and loud) vol- ume. Because of scheduling problems, locked-ward (i... slighdly more dangerous) patients are available for testing only on Monday, and open-ward (ie.. slightly less danger- cus) patients are available for testing only on Thursday. Furthermore, hearing tests are scheduled for Thursdays, so the soundproof room is available only on Monday. 2. An experimenter is interested in whether memory can be improved in older adults if they use visual imagery. Panicipants (all women over the age of 65) are placed in one of two groups some are trained in imagery techniques, and odiers are trained to use rote repetition. The imagery group is even a list of 20 concrete nouns (for which it is easier to kom images than abstract nouns) to study, and the other Group is given 20 abstract words (ones that are especially way to pronounce, so repetition will be easy). matched with e concrete words for frequency of general usage. To match ethod of presentation with the method of study, partici- parts in the ima e imagery group are shown the words visually (on puter screen). To control for any computer-phobia. ticipants also sit at the computer terminal, but the e is programmed to read the lists to them. After the For 1. People are more likely to offer help to someone in need if the situation unambiguously calls for help. 2. Ability to concentrate on a task deteriorates when people feel crowded 3. Good bowlers improve their performance in the presence of an audience, whereas average bowlers do worse when an audience is watching. 4. Animals learn a difficult maze best when they are moder- ately aroused. They do poorly in difficult mazes when their arousal is high or low. When the maze is easy, performance improves steadily from low to moderate to high arousal. 5. Caffeine improves memory, but only for older people. 6. In a bratwurst eating contest, those scoring high on a “sensation-seeking scale will consume more, and this is especially true for fans of the Pittsburgh Steelers, compared with Baltimore Ravens fans. to wmputer is proy
