(a) Define the responsivity p and quantum efficiency n of a photo-detector and show that they...
2. A digital optical fiber link employing ideal binary signaling at a rate of 50 Mbps operates at a wavelength of 1.3 um. The detector is a germanium photodiode which has a quantum efficiency of 45% at this wavelength. An alarm is activated at the receiver when the bit error rate drops below 10. Calculate the theoretical minimum optical power required at the photodiode in order to keep the alarm inactivated. Comment briefly on the reasons why in practice the...
Q.14 a) i A silicon p-i-n photodiode incorporated into an optical receiver has a quantum efficiency of 60 % at a wavelength of 0.9 um The dark current is 3 nA and load resistance is 4 Kn. The incident optical power is 200 nw and the receiver bandwidth is 5 MHz. Determine 1) Mean square quantum noise current, 2) Mean square dark current and 3) Mean square thermal nosie current at a temperature of 20 °C [8] Q.14 a) i...
Applied quantum mechanics 1. Calculate the carrier concentrations (p and n) for Si at 300k for the following doping concentrations: 2. (a) ND = 1015/cm3 (b) NA = 1018/cm3 (c) ND = 5 x 1017/cm3 Calculate the majority and minority carriers for each side of an N+P junction if ND = 2 x 1017/cm3 for the n-side, and NA = 1014/cm3 for the p-side. Assume the semiconductor is Si and the temperature is 300K. 3. Determine the energy of: (a)...
Quantum Physics - Photoelectric Effect 1 Light Light2 Photo- electrons KEL KEN-W Photoelectric Effect Lenard found that light has to be above a certain frequency in order to observe photoelectrons The Planck constant is 6.626x10^-34 J s. The calcium metal has a work function WO = 2.71 eV, 1eV = 1.6x10^-19). (a) What is the Cutoff frequency for the calcium metal? Write the result in terms of 1014Hz. Keep 3 decimal places. Enter a number x1024Hz Submit (5 attempts remaining)...
Exercise 2. Let Xn, n EN, be a Bernoulli process uith parameter p = 1/2. Define N = min(n > 1:X,メ } For any n 2 1, define Yn = XN4n-2. Show that P(Yn = 1) = 1/2, but Yn, n E N is not a Bernoulli process Exercise 2. Let Xn, n EN, be a Bernoulli process uith parameter p = 1/2. Define N = min(n > 1:X,メ } For any n 2 1, define Yn = XN4n-2. Show...
Question 10 Statistical thermodynamics may be used to find the radiation pressure P for cavity (or black body) radiation in terms of the energy per unit volume u. (a) An ideal quantum gas comprises non-interacting identical particles with discrete quantum states labelled 1, 2, ...,r ,....The partition function is given by Z (T,V,N)- > exp(-B(n,&, + п,&, +...)} пп. (i) Define the symbols n1, n2,...,n,...and 81, 82, ..., Er,... (iiExplain why, for photons, the partition function may be expressed as:...
starts from *For or m, ne N define m- n if m-m is a multiple of 3. (a) Show that-is an equivalence relation on N. &) am siue mo ijk 2 wheh is a uutjle of us p (b) List 4 elements in each of the following equivalence classes [0). I1). [2). 131 141 (c) Find the set of all equivalence classes for this relation
5) A Si solar cell with junction cross sectional dimensions 2 cm ×2 cmis formed with Na 1018 cm3 on the p side and Nd 1018cm3 on the n side. It is operated at a temperature of 300 K and τn-tp-1 μ. a) Using the mobilities on the equation sheet, calculate the dark saturation current. b) An intrinsic region of thickness 200 μm is sandwiched between the p and n regions in order to enhance the active volume of the...
Consider a photoelectric effect experiment. Calculate the minimum photon energy needed to produce photoelectrons for the following metals: Sodium Aluminum Platinum For the photon energies you calculated in problem #1, calculate the wavelength and frequency for each. In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do these photons belong? Calculate the radii and energies of the first three allowed orbits for the Bohr Model of the hydrogen atom in both joules and electron-volts. Show your work. Calculate the energies of photons...
Please show work 9.) Are a person's college & the photo -upload ing site s/he chooses independent? Below is a list of randomly sampled college students who were asked which of the following photo-uploading site s/he most prefers. Our goal is to determine whether these two variables are dependent. Let = 0.1 Instagram G0ogle+ Facebook Observed Foothill 21 10 13 De Anza 21 12 12 5 SJSU 16 7 a) State the null & alternative hypotheses, in the context of...