Third option is correct.
According to Nebula hypothesis, sun and planets of solar system are formed by collapse of a giant gas cloud called nebula. While collapsing the nebula spun faster and faster and got flattened in disc like appearance , so the planets and sun are in same plane. The dust grains clump into planetesimals which further collided with each other to form an planets.
The nebular hypothesis states that our solar system originally formed from an enormous cloud of dust...
Extra Credit: In our solar system, large dust particles, similar in size to soot and sand grains, are common but smaller particles are largely absent. It is believed that these smaller particles have been blown out of the solar system by the radiation force exerted on them by the Sun. Assume that the dust particles are spherical, completely absorb all incident radiation from the Sun, and have a density of 2,000 kg/m3. Determine the diameter, in nanometers, of the smallest...
1. When the solar system first formed, it was characterized by a disk of dust and gas (called the "solar nebula") with some larger planetesimals embedded within it. As these planetesimals orbited in the solar nebula, they continually accreted material from the nebula, slowly growing in size. In this problem, we will estimate how long it took these planetesimals to grow into reasonably sized objects i.e. a thousand km or so in size). a) If a planetesimal has a cross-sectional...
In Example 34.6, we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, with a solar sail in hopes of ejecting it from the solar system. We found that the enormous size required for the solar sail makes the plan impossible at this time. Of course, there is no need to eject such an object from the solar system; we only need to change the orbit. A much more pressing problem is Apophis, a 300-m asteroid that may be...