Question

Q1) Below tables present detailed demographic characteristics of doctorate recipients from 431 accredited US academic institutions for 2009 and 2018 Table 1 presents data on the distribution of doctorate recipients by major field of study for 2009 and 2018. Table 2 and Table 3 show the data distribution of doctorate recipients by sex for 2009 and 2018. Tablet All doctorate recipients Life sciences Physical sciences and earth sciences Mathematics and computer sciences 2009 2018 10,263 11,502 Engineering Education Humanities and arts Other 4,644 2.847 7,151 6,878 5,876 4,414 2,527 5,702 3.627 8,010 9,165 4,351 4,631 2,691 Table 2 Male doctorate recipients Life sciences Physical sciences and earth sciences Mathematics and computer sciences Psychology and social sciences Engineering Education Humanities and arts Other 2009 4,665 3,180 2,095 2,968 5,406 1,945 2,164 1,278 2018 5,094 3,793 2.739 3.277 6,954 1.347 2.311 1,307 Table 3 Female doctorate recipients Life sciences Physical sciences and earth sciences Mathematics and computer sciences Psychology and social sciences Engineering Education Humanities and arts Other 2009 2018 5,589 6,403 1,457 1,907 749 885 4,182 4,731 1,468 2.208 3,9303,004 2.250 2,318 1,247 1,379 a) For each table (Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3) and each years (2009 and 2018) prepare relative frequency tables by using an Excel file. b) Prepare Pareto Charts for each relative frequency tables you created for (a) (in total 6 Pareto Charts). Nicely title them in way that they should be distinguishable from each other c) Compare and comment on the Pareto Charts. Your comments should focus on differences in relative frequencies and changes in distributions.

please use Microsoft excel to answer these questions, and submit the answers as an excel file. thankyou very much!

Answer 1

Question (a)

Below is the image attached after the calculation of relative frequency in excel

Relative frequency is obtained by dividing the specific doctorate recipients by total number of doctorate recipients

For example in Table 1, the relative frequency of Life sciences in 2009 is 10263/ 44600.

Table 1 All Doctrate recipients Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Health Sciences Mathematics and Computer sciences Psychology and Social sciences Engineering Education Humanities and arts Other Total | 2009 Realtive Frequency I 10263 23% 4644 10% 28476 % 7151 16% 6878 15% 5876 13% 4414 10% 25276 % 44600 20% Table 3 Female Doctrate recipients Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Health Sciences Mathematics and Computer sciences Psychology and Social sciences Engineering Education Humanities and arts Other Total 2018 Realtive Frequency 11502 23% 5702 11% 36277 % 8010 16% 9165 18% 4351 9% 46319 % 2691 5% 49679 2009 Realtive Frequencyl 2018 Realtive Frequency 5589 27% 6403 28% 1457 7% 1907 8% 749 4% 8854 % 4182 4731 21% 1468 7% 2208 10% 3930 19% 3004 13% 2250 11% 2318 10% 12476 % 13796 % 20872 22835 | Table 2 Male Doctrate recipients Life Sciences Physical Sciences and Health Sciences Mathematics and Computer sciences Psychology and Social sciences Engineering Education Humanities and arts Other Total 9% 13% 2009 4665 3180 2095 2968 5406 1945 2164 1278 23701 Realtive Frequency | 2018 20% 5094 13% 3793 2739 3277 23% 6954 8% 1347 2311 5% 1307 26822 Realtive Frequency 19% 14% 10% 12% 26% 5% 9% 5%

Question (b)

Pareto Charts are given below in the attached image

Pareto Chart for 2009 All Doctorate Recipients Pareto Chart for 2009 Male Doctorate Recipients Pareto Chart for 2009 Female Doctorate Recipients 1005 5589 100 10263 1190 00 2154 2095 5 1457 1247 3056 20% Other Education Engineering Education Engineering Life Sciences Psychology Physical Mathematics Humanities an Mathematics. Engineering Ute Sciences Physical Psychology an.. Humanities an Mathematics Life Sciences Psychology an.. Education Humanities Pareto Chart for 2018 All Doctorate Recipients Pareto Chart for 2018 Male Doctorate Recipients Pareto Chart for 2018 Female Doctorate Recipients 10056 F43 100 6954 100% 90% 9165 8010 4721 10 709 EOS SO 40% 2018 2208 1907 2691 30% 1347 1307 995 10% 1054 Education Education Education Physical Engine Humanities an Mathematics Psychology an Humanities an Psychology Physical fe Sciences Psychology an

Question (c)

For All Doctorate Recipients, Life Sciences field was the major contributor in both 2009 and 2018 with a relative frequency of 23% each in 2009 and 2018

For Male Doctorate Recipients, Engineering field was the major contributor in both 2009 and 2018 with a relative frequency of 23% in 2009 and 26% in 2018

For Female Doctorate Recipients, Life Sciences field was the major contributor in both 2009 and 2018 with a relative frequency of 27% in 2009 and 28% in 2018

For All Doctorate Recipients and Male Doctorate Recipients, Other was the least contributor in both 2009 and 2018, whereas for female Doctorate Recipients, Mathematics and Computer Science was the least contributor in 2009 with 4% and 2018 with 4% relative frequencies.

Total Number of All Doctorate Recipients increased by 11.3% in 2018 (49676) when compared to 2009 (44600)

Total Number of Male Doctorate Recipients increased by 13.1% in 2018 (26822) when compared to 2009 (23701)

Total Number of Female Doctorate Recipients increased by 9.4% in 2018 (22835) when compared to 2009 (20872)