Question

Complete the phylogenetic tree below.

Options for letters to be filled in:

-Homo heidelbergensis

-Smaller jaws and cheek teeth, long legs. larger brain.

-Homo erectus

-Homo neanderthalensis

-Homo habilis

-Australopithecus africanus

-Ardipithecus

-Australopithecus afarenis

-Enlarged cheek teeth and jaws

llons of years ago Chimpanzees Sahelanthropus tchadensis Bonobos Orrorin tugenesis Adaptations for walking bipedally smaller canine teeth Australopithecus garhi Paranthropus Massive cheek teeth and jaws, enlarged chewing muscles Slightly larger brain more vertical face withh no snout, fingers can grip can make simple stone tools Tools for hunting, stone flakes, brain size has increased to 1200 cc Homo sapiens Large brain, rounded cranial vault, small brow-ridges, developed language

Answer 1

Ardipithecus had smaller canine teeth. Therefore A is  Ardipithecus.

Australopithecus anamensis had jawbones very large relative to their body size. Therefore, the first blank in B is for Australopithecus anamensis. Australopithecus afarensis had strong lower jaws. For this reason, the second blank in B is for Australopithecus afarensis.

Therefore, C is enlarged cheek teeth and jaws.

Australopithecus africanus also had large teeth and strong jaws. Therefore, D is Australopithecus africanus.

Homo habilis had larger brains and their fingers could grip. Therefore, E is Homo habilis.

F is Smaller jaws and cheek teeth, long legs and larger brains.

Homo erectus had larger brains almost like modern humans. Therefore, G is Homo erectus.

Homo neanderthalensis had larger brains and they could make tools made of stones for hunting. Therefore, H is Homo neanderthalensis.

Homo heidelbergensis showed larger brains and they had the abilities to make tools for hunting. Therefore, I is Homo heidelbergensis.