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than other labs. These are toxicity, volatility, and flammability. We routinely use toxic organic solvents like methanol and acetone that are volatile (have low boiling points), but even solid organic materials can produce vapors that may be toxic. Furthermore, organic materials are flammable, and solvent vapors in the air can and do produce explosive mixtures. You should take some general precautions when doing organic chemistry: Do not get solutions on your skin. You do not need to always wear gloves (indeed, some glove/solvent combinations are not effective) but they may be advisable for certain procedures Do not breathe solvent vapors. Keep your experiment in front of your bench hood, and follow instructions to use the big hoods • Do not have any open flames in the organic lab. All heating should be done with hot plates. The point is to minimize your exposure and not blow up the lab. • Chemistry students have limited hours in the lab and handle small amounts of materials, and our experiments avoid extremely toxic or noxious chemicals. Nevertheless, bad habits, sloppy work, and shortcuts are neither healthy nor productive. . EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE I. Ester A 1. Make a 70°C water bath (needed below) in the hood. Take a 400 ml beaker and fill it with about 200 mL of tap water. Place this on a Hot plate (not a stirrer) and set the dial to about 2-3 to maintain the temperature. 2. Add -10 mL of Dl water to a test tube and place it in an ice bath for later use. To make your ice bath, take a 200 ml beaker and fill it with ice and just enough water to cover the bottom of the beaker. Add your Dl water to a smaller beaker and place it in the ice bath. 3. Suspend a thermometer in the warm water bath, but do not let it touch the bottom. This can be done by wrapping it with a folded strip of paper towel and using a clamp. Note: you can initially set the hot plate higher to get to temperature. If it gets too hot, add cold water and set the dial a little lower. 4. Place 11 drops of glacial acetic acid (ethanoic acid) in a large test tube and add 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid and mix by tapping the tube with a gloved finger for about 2 minutes. ARO 5. Cool the test tube in an ice bath (take a 400 mL beaker and fill about % way with ice and tap water) for about 2 minutes CTQ1 Why does adding water to the ice bath help cool down the reaction mixture more quickly? 6. Carefully add 10 drops of isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) to the acidic solution (not the Di water) and swirl or spank after each drop. 7. Warm the tube in a 70°C water bath you set up in the hood. Maintain the mixture at 70'C for -5 minutes. You will need this hot bath later on in experiment so hold onto it. CTQ2 Based on the chemical properties of esters, what do you think would happen if the reaction was heated at too high of a temperature for too long? 8. Cool the reaction mixture in an ice bath and very carefully add 8 drops of cold water mixing after each addition (in reactions always use distilled water)