Question

Please explain Buffer Effectiveness: Buffer Range and Buffer Capacity. Below you will find key questions.

1.Know and understand that the buffer capacity is optimal when the ratio of acid and conjugate base differs by less than or equal to a factor of 10.

2.Know and understand that a buffer is more resistant to pH changes when the concentrations of acid and base are relatively large.

3.Know and understand that an effective buffer covers a pH range one unit above and one unit below the pK_a of the weak acid.

4. Use the pK_a and the buffer range to choose appropriate buffer systems for specific applications.