Question

Please explain Buffers: Solutions That Resist pH Change. Below you will find questions.

1. Define buffer and know that a buffer typically consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

2. Know that the common ion effect is an example of Le Châtelier’s principle.

3. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution starting with initial concentrations of weak acid and its conjugate base.

4. Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH of a buffer solution from the pK_a of the weak acid and the initial concentrations of the weak acid and conjugate base.

5. Know and understand that a buffer has limits; the buffering action is related to a stoichiometric consumption of either the weak acid or the conjugate base.

6. Calculate the pH change in a buffer after the addition of a small amount of strong acid or base.

7. Know that buffers can also be made from a weak base and its conjugate acid, and calculate the pH of such a buffer using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the pK_a of the conjugate acid.