Question

1. Briefly define the 5 stages of grief according to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross. Denial - Anger - Bargaining - Depression - Acceptance - 2. What are the main criticisms of the Kubler-Ross theory? 3. What is an Advanced Directive? 4. What is a Living Will? 5. What is a Durable Power of Attorney? 6. What is a "life-sustaining procedure"? 7. What equipment might an RCP operate that could be deemed a "life-sustaining" procedure? 8. Define palliative care

Answer 1

Ans) Denial stage, you are not living in 'actual reality,' rather, you are living in a 'preferable' reality. Interestingly, it is denial and shock that help you cope and survive the grief event. Denial aids in pacing your feelings of grief

- Anger- When the individual recognizes that denial cannot continue, they become frustrated, especially at proximate individuals. Certain psychological responses of a person undergoing this phase would be: "Why me? It's not fair!"; "How can this happen to me?"; "Who is to blame?"; "Why would this happen?"

- By bargaining, the person is willing to concede the outcome, but attempts to do so by squeezing a few more moments of “normal” out of the turmoil that pounds on life's door. The individual is clinging to the threads of hope, however thin and worn the fabric may be.

- Depression- During the fourth stage, the individual despairs at the recognition of their mortality. In this state, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time mournful and sullen.

- Acceptance –In this last stage, individuals embrace mortality or inevitable future, or that of a loved one, or other tragic event. People dying may precede the survivors in this state, which typically comes with a calm, retrospective view for the individual, and a stable condition of emotions.

2) A major criticism of Kübler-Ross's theory is that:
It only explains the pattern of dying found in older adults.

3) Advance directives are legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about end-of-life care ahead of time. They give you a way to tell your wishes to family, friends, and health care professionals and to avoid confusion later on.

4) Living will- a written statement detailing a person's desires regarding future medical treatment in circumstances in which they are no longer able to express informed consent, especially an advance directive.