Question

6 30. A patient is admitted to the hospital with a fever of 103 deg F and demonstrated altered cognitive function. Family members indicated that this is the second day that he has had a fever greater than 100 deg F. Forty-eight hours later, the lab results of a blood culture indicate that the organism is a gram negative rod and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility results are not yet available. The patient has been given a carbapenem antibiotic but his condition continues to deteriorate. (14 points) A. What is the most likely reason for failure of the antibiotic therapy. Describe the most likely mechanism for this treatment failure. B. What life threatening immunological event could take place if this infection continues? Describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this event. Focus BI SAMSUNG

Answer 1

A) Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon of reducing the effect of antibiotics by the bacteria that is effective for the normal bacteria to suppress the growth and reduces the multiplication of the bacteria. If the bacteria is resistant to many drugs. this is known as the multiple drug resistant bacteria or MDR. This result in the use of alternative high efficient antibiotics which may be toxic and expensive for the treatment . The bacteria that are totally resistant are known as the superbugs. There are three ways of the development of resistance in bacteria. Natural resistant development in the bacteria due to continuous usage. Mutations in the genetic sequence of the bacteria also leads to the development of resistance against certain antibiotic. The other phenomena is the acquiring of resistant gene from other species. There are various mechanism of the exhibition of the antibiotic resistant:- the inactivation or the modification in the structure of the drug for eg:- modification in the structure of penicillin G in penicillin resistant bacteria why the enzyme beta lactamases . The modification in the binding site of the drug. The change in the metabolic pathway of the drug .for eg :- the bacteria that is resistant to sulfonamide do not require PABA for the application process. The reduced in the permeability of the drug by the certain bacteria. examples are :- methicilin resistant staphylococcus aureus , multiple drug resistant tuberculosis bacteria, multiple drug resistant A .Baumanii.

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