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a random sample of 80 graduate students
1 (6 points). A random sample of 80 graduate students shows that 22 students have shopped online in the past year. Is there e
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    Given                              
   22 out of 80 students have shopped online                              
   p̂ = 22/80 = 0.275           Sample proportion                  
   n = 80          Sample Size                  
                                  
   p = 0.6       (60%)           Population (Hypothesized) proportion                  
   α = 0.10              10% Level of significance                  
                                  
a)   The null and alternative hypothesis are                              
                                  
   Ho : p = 0.60                              
   H1 : p < 0.60  
                          
   This is a left tail test                              
                                  
b)   We use the z-distribution for calculating the test statistic which is a normal distribution                             
                                  
c)   For α = 0.10, we find the z-critical for the left tailed test using standard Normal Tables or Excel function NORM.S.INV                              
   z-critical = NORM.S.INV(0.05)                              
   z-critical = -1.645                              
   Rejection Criteria                              
   Reject Ho if calculated test statistic z < -1.645                              
                                  
   Graph of the test statistic, critical point and rejection region                              
Rejection Region 3 0 5 z=-1.645 (Critical z)
                                  
d)   We use the z-distribution for calculating the test statistic which is a normal distribution                              
   We find z, the test statistic as                               
   where                               
= -5.934 N II (ộ - p) p(1-p)) (0.275 – 0.6) 0.6(1-0.6) 80 n
   Test Statistic z = -5.934                              
                                  
   Test statistic on the graph                              
Rejection Region + -2 > =-5.934 (Test Statisticz) z=-1.645 (Critical z)            


   -5.934 < -1.645                              
   That is, Test statistic z < Critical z                              
   Hence, we Reject Ho                              
                                  
e)   Conclusion :                              
   There exists sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that                              
   true population proportion is lower than 60%          
                   
                                  

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