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1. What duality did Descartes cogito ergo sum present us with? 2. Please define the following terms a) Monist b) ontology c

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Answer #1

1. In 17 th century , Rene Discarates also give explanations about mind body relationships. "Cogito ergo sum" is a latin word which means " I think therefore I am". Mind body relationships is necessary to explain the human existence. According to Discarates , mind is immortal, intangible and non extended material. Body is tangible, quantifiable and it is an extended substance. Therefore human body is considered as a machine or a mechanical system.

2. Monist : It is a single substance concept which prefers only one reality. Monist is a person who prefers single substance ie mind and body is comprised and it is a single substance. There is a single overarching principle rule.

Ontology : It is a branch of metaphysics which deals with the the theory of reality and study of existence.

Tao: Taosim is founded by Lao Tzu and Chiang Tzu. Tao is a sense of way thorough which one travels. It can also be known as a unified matter from which all things arise.

Pragmatism: It believes that what is practical and applicable is true. There should be no importance to emotions but it is more practical. Pragmatism rejects the view of idealism.

Cosmology:It is related to the concept of universe. In physical cosmology ,it is a study of origin, history ,nature and dynamics of universe. In philosophical concept, universe is considered as totality.

Personal identity: it is a unique numerical identity of a person over time .

Pluralist : It is a person who is against monism and dualism. He approaches truth with many different means i.e more than two means

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