Question

1:14 Back Part 1. True/False. T T T T T T T F Representatives of the Gymnamoebae are phagocytic in nutrition, produce resistant cyst stages for transmission and may possess pseudopodia and flagellated life cycle stages. F In the life cycle of Entamoeba, pre-cyst stages give rise to metacysts as they move from the small to large intestine. Pre-cyst stages can be distinguished from metacysts being multinucleate and the presence of chromatoid bars. F The presence of an endosome indicates a GI tract protist which will also not possess a Golgi body or mitochondria. F Entamoeba coli is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. F You should not share toothbrushes with other individuals because you could transmit or become infected with cysts of Entamoeba gingivalis. F A zoonosis describes a parasite normally cycling through humans which, under certain circumstances, can be transmitted to animals. F Vector competence describes the ability of a particular vector type to become infected with a particular pathogen, to transmit a specific pathogen, or both. F If a life cycle exhibits vertical transmission, the parasite is transmitted from mother to offspring. F Parasites relying on fecal-oral transmission rely on long-lived cysts to ensure successful completion of a life cycle. F Mechanical vectors are hosts where the parasite does not undergo developmental change or reproduction. F Chromatoid bars (=bodies) are storage sites for ribosomes and protein synthesis appearing early in ameboid cyst development and disappearing later as the cyst matures. F If you believe you are infected with Entamoeba histolytica, you couold take a fecal sample and look for cysts containing 4 nuclei. F Most apicomplexans have the following phases in their life cycle: schizogony, gamogony, and oogenesis. F Relapse, the recurrence of malaria symptoms after months or even years of no disease, is associated with T T T T T T T

Answer 1

1. True- A representative of Gynamoebae are phagocytic in nutrition, produce resistant cyst stages for transmission and may possess pseudopodia and flagellated life stages.

2. True- In the life cycle of Entamoeba pre cyst stages give rise to metacysts as they move from small to the large intestine. Pre cyst stages can be distinguished from metacyclic being multinucleate and the presence of chromatoid bars.

3. False- The presence of endosome indicates a GI tract protist which will also not possess a Golgi body or mitochondria.

Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells.

4. True- Entamoeba is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery.

Amoebic dysentery is an intestinal infection caused by a protozoan parasite called Entamoeba histolytica

5. False- you should not share toothbrushes with other individuals because you could transmit or become infected with cysts of Entamoeba gingivalis.

Entamoeba gingivalis is found in 95% of people with gum disease and rarely in people with healthy gums. Cyst formation is not present; therefore transmission is direct from one person to another by kissing, or by sharing eating utensils.

6. False- A zoonosis describes a parasite normally cycling through humans which under certain circumstances can be transmitted to animals.

. A zoonosis is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans.

7. True- Vector competence describes the ability of a particular vector type to be infected with a particular pathogen, to transmit a specific pathogen or both.

Vector competence is defined as “the ability of a vector to transmit a disease”. It normally comprises the capacity of a vector to be infected, maintain and transmit an infectious agent.

8.True- If a life cycle exhibits vertical transmission the parasite is transmitted from mother to offsprings.

Vertical transmission refers to generational transmission of viruses from parents to their offspring.

9. True- Parasites relying on faecal-oral transmission relying on the long-lived cyst to ensure successful completion of the life cycle.

10.True- Mechanical vectors are host where the parasite does not undergo developmental change or reproduction.

Mechanical transmission is facilitated by a mechanical vector, an animal that carries a pathogen from one host to another without being infected itself.