Question

What were the causes and consequences of the Arab Spring?

Answer 1

The Arab Spring, a wave of pro-democracy demonstrations and uprisings that started in 2010 and 2011 in the Middle East and North Africa, undermining some of the region's entrenched authoritarian regimes. Demonstrators who shared political and economic grievances faced aggressive crackdowns by security forces in their countries. See Jasmine Revolution (Tunisia), Egypt Uprising of 2011, Yemen Uprising of 2011–12, Libya Revolt of 2011, and Syria Uprising of 2011–12 for comprehensive analysis of the Arab Spring in the individual countries.

The Egyptian government has also sought and failed to monitor demonstrations by providing concessions while violently cracking down on demonstrators. After several days of major protests and clashes in Cairo and around the world between demonstrators and security forces, a turning point came at the end of the month when the Egyptian army declared it would refuse to use force against demonstrators calling for Pres 's removal. Çomosnî Mubārak. After nearly 30 years of losing military support, Mubārak left office on February 11, ceding control to a council of senior military officers.

N November 2011 Abd Rabbuh Manūr Hadī, vice-president, has signed an internationally negotiated agreement calling for a gradual transition of power. In compliance with the deal, after becoming the sole candidate in a presidential election in February 2012, Hadī automatically took over the responsibility of governing and officially assumed the Presidency.

In December 2011, the presence of a group of Arab League peace observers did nothing to mitigate conflict. Several weeks later, the monitoring mission was halted due to concerns about the monitor 's health. The repercussions of the Arab Spring movement were felt elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, as there were at least small pro-democracy demonstrations from several countries in the region. In Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman, rulers gave a number of compromises, ranging from the removal of unpopular officials to constitutional reforms, to avert the spread of protest movements in their countries.