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9. X-rays have intensity and direction that are given by a vector field F(x, y, z) = (z?, sin(2) +y +278, z + cos(x) + sin(xy

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\large \\ \text{ Flux of F across surface S is given by } \int \int _S F.\hat n dS\\\\ \text{Divergence theorem : It associates flux of vector field through a closed surface to divergence over region bounded by surface}\\ \text{Let D is solid region bounded by surface S then }\\ \int \int _S F.\hat n dS=\int\int\int_D div(F).dV\\\\ div(F)=0+1+1=2\\\\ \begin{align*} Flux&=\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\pi}\int_0^{\phi}div(F)\rho^2\sin \phi d\rho d\phi d\theta\\\\ &=\frac{2}{3}\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^{\pi}\phi^3\sin \phi d\phi d\theta\\\\ &=\frac{2}{3}\int_0^{2\pi}\left[-\phi^3 \cos\phi +3\phi^2\sin\phi+6\phi\cos\phi-6\sin\phi \right ]_0^{2\pi}\\\\ &=\frac{2(\pi^3-6\pi)}{3}2\pi\\\\ &=\frac{4(\pi^4-6\pi^2)}{3} \end{align*}

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