Question

1. Describe how the functional units for beta carotene, xanthophyll, chlorophyll A, and chlorophyll B are different. Be sure to identify the subunits that adhere to paper during chromatography, 2 Describe a technique for measuring photosynthetic rate. 3 Many deciduous trees have leaves that turn yellow in the fall. What do you suppose is happening in the leaves at the cellular and molecular level? 4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both unusual in that they have double membranes and contain their own set of DNA. Can you think of any explanations for this observation?

Answer 1

Ans 1) Chlorophyll is the tetrapirol stain and a ring of porphyril in the mode of dehydro as well as green metal atoms. It is a green pigment found in the chloroplast with both zanthophyll and carotene.

Both chlorophyll A and B are different as methyl takes the position of aldehid. Chlorophyll a is involved in porthyrils and hemoglobin. The chlorophyll molecule contains four pyrrole rings which are joint to each other and methane group represents the flat molecule. At the carbon 7^th position , A propionate residue with phytol dissolves in the lipids.

Carotenoids contains the pigment orange and yellow red. Carotenoids are classified into carotene and zanthophylls. Carotene contains only carbon and hydrogen in the form of alpha , beta , gama carotene whereas zanthophyll contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Beta carotene which is yellow in colour transports light to the chlorophyll , zanthophyll have shades of yellow which gathers carotenoids. Zanthophyll contains more chlorophyll , chlorophyll a has green colour which maintains light amd utilize oxygen , chlorophyll B has shades of yellow which is more soluble as compared to chlorophyll A in light.

Ans 2) Photosynthesis is a process in which carbon dioxode and energy is converted into glucose amd oxygen.

The rate of photosynthesis is generally measured in the form of CO₂ concentration. When the rate of photosynthesis is high then the concentration of CO₂ will decrease in the close container.

Ans 3) During the fall , the change in the day light length and temperature the leaves stop the process of food making or photosynthesis. The chlorophyll breaks and there is a disappearance of green colour as a result of which yellow to orange colour is visible and gives the indication of fall of leaves.

Ans 4) Because both depends on electron transport chain to perform their function. The ETC is present in the inner membrane in case of mitochondria which is used to synthesize ATP. The double membrane structure describes the functioning of organelle.

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