Question

Men's Health Read the scenario below. Respond to the questions in full sentences. Be sure to use standard English grammar and spelling How might you address the problem of HIV at the population level? What additional information might you need to determine appropriate interventions for the problem? What other segments of the community would you involve in developing your interventions? Scenario: You have identified a high rate of HIV among gay men in your community. Significant disparities are noted in the incidence rates among Caucasian, African American, and Latino men, with a higher incidence among African Americans, although the incidence among all three groups is high.

Answer 1

Teaching Patients Self-Care Patients, families, and friends are instructed about the routes of transmission of HIV. The nurse discusses precautions to prevent transmitting HIV, including using condoms during vaginal or anal intercourse using dental dams or avoiding oral contact with the penis, vagina, or rectum; avoiding sexual practices that might cut or tear the lining of the rectum, vagina, or penis; and avoiding sexual contact with multiple partners, individuals known to be HIV infected, people who use injection drugs, and sexual partners of people who inject drugs. Patients and their families or caregivers must receive instructions about how to prevent disease transmission, including handwashing techniques, and in methods for safely handling items soiled with body fluids. Caregivers in the home are taught how to administer medications, including IV preparations. The medication regimens used for patients with HIV infection and AIDS are often complex and expensive. Patients receiving combination therapies for treatment of HIV infection and its complications require careful teaching about the importance of taking medications as prescribed and explanations and assistance in fitting the medication regimen into their lives.Guidelines about infection and infection control, follow-up care, diet, rest, and activity are also necessary. Patient teaching also includes strategies to avoid infection. The importance of personal hygiene is emphasized. Kitchen and bathroom surfaces should be cleaned regularly with disinfectants to prevent fungal and bacterial growth. Patients with pets are instructed to have another person clean areas soiled by animals, such as bird cages and litter boxes. If this is not possible, the patient should use gloves to clean up after pets. Patients are advised to avoid exposure to others who are sick or who have been recently vaccinated. Patients with AIDS and their sexual partners are strongly urged to avoid exposure to body fluids during sexual activities and to use condoms for any form of sexual intercourse. Injection drug use is strongly discouraged because of the risk to the patient of other infections and transmission of HIV infection to others. Patients infected with HIV are urged to avoid exposure to bodily fluids (through sexual contact or injection drug use) to prevent exposure to other HIV strains. The importance of avoiding smoking and maintaining a balance between diet, rest, and exercise is also emphasized. If the patient requires enteral or parenteral nutrition, instruction is provided to patients and families about how to administer nutritional therapies at home. Home care nurses provide ongoing teaching and support for the patient and family. Patients who are HIV positive or who inject drugs are instructed not to donate blood. Injection drug users who are unwilling to stop using drugs are advised to avoid sharing drug equipment with others.
Continuing Care Many people with AIDS remain in their community and continue their usual daily activities, whereas others can no longer work or maintain their independence. Families or caregivers may need assistance in providing supportive care. There are many community-based organizations that provide a variety of services for people living with HIV infection and AIDS; nurses can help identify these services. Community health nurses, home care nurses, and hospice nurses are in an excellent position to provide the support and guidance so often needed in the home setting. As hospital costs continue to rise and insurance coverage continues to decline, the complexity of home care increases. Home care nurses are key in the administration of parenteral antibiotics, chemotherapy, and nutrition in the home. During home visits, the nurse assesses the patient’s physical and emotional status and home environment. The patient’s adherence to the therapeutic regimen is assessed, and strategies are suggested to assist with adherence. The patient is assessed for progression of disease and for adverse side effects of medications. Previous teaching is reinforced, and the importance of keeping follow-up appointments is stressed. Complex wound care or respiratory care may be required in the home. Patients and families are often unable to meet these skilled care needs without assistance. Nurses may refer patients to community programs that offer a range of services for patients, friends, and families, including help with housekeeping, hygiene, and meals; transportation and shopping; individual and group

Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Safer Sex and Safer Behaviors
• Practice abstinence. • Reduce the number of sexual partners to one. • Always use latex condoms; if allergic to latex, use female condoms (nonlatex). • Do not reuse condoms. • Do not use cervical caps or diaphragms without using a condom as well. • Always use dental dams for oral female genital or anal stimulation. • Avoid anal intercourse because this practice may injure tissues. • Avoid manual–anal intercourse (“fisting”). • Do not ingest urine or semen. • Engage in nonpenetrative sex such as body massage, social kissing (dry), mutual masturbation, fantasy, and sex films. • Inform prospective sexual and drug-using partners of your HIV-positive status. • Notify previous and present sexual partners if you learn that you are HIV seropositive. If you are afraid for your safety, many states have established mechanisms through the public health department in which professionals are available to notify exposed people. • If you are HIV seropositive, do not have unprotected sex with another HIV-seropositive person, because cross-infection with another HIV strain can increase the severity of the disease. • Do not share needles, razors, toothbrushes, sex toys, or other blood-contaminated articles. • If you are HIV seropositive, do not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm.

Additional informations i need are no of high risk groups population in that areas like female sexual workers , hijras, MSWM, and IV drug users, and truckers and bridge population because passive survillience and sentinel survillance of these people can help in spreading of disease and also to determine the risk factors and whats the level of awareness of these risk factors among communities . close monitoring of people who had come in contact with these people in the past few months. Proper treatment of STDs in foremost important and collecting data about the pts having STDs problem in that area because chances of AIDS inceases so much if the positive person is having STDs for this syndromic management of STDs is done by color coding kits

I will involve community health nurses, home care nurses, and hospice nurses are in an excellent position to provide the support and guidance so often needed in the home setting. As hospital costs continue to rise and insurance coverage continues to decline, the complexity of home care increases. Home care nurses are key in the administration of parenteral antibiotics, chemotherapy, and nutrition in the home. I will also involve a psychiatrist because these patients are too emotionally unstable for this proper psychotherapy is required also some antidepressants drugs. I will involve dermtologist, an opthalmologist, for the proper treatment of opportunistic infections. Involvement of ASHAs is very important because she is the lady who belongs to that same community and has a good approach among community members so she can easily understand them the pros of condoms and cons of unprotected sex