Question

QUESTION 39 Whereas animal cells drive indirect transport across the plasma membrane with a Na+ gradient, other organisms like plants and bacteria use O A a glucose gradient B. a Ca2+ gradient C. a proton gradient D. osmosis E. endocytosis and exocytosis. Flight energy

Answer 1

Movement across plasma membrane occurs by;

Passive transport- movement across a concentration gradient, without energy utilisation

• Simple diffusion - movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration
• Osmosis - Movement through a semipermeable membrane down the concentration gradient

Facilitated diffusion- Movement occurs with the help of a carrier protein or channel proteins

Active transport - It occurs with energy utilisation and  opposite to concentration gradient.

• Sodium Potassium ATPase
• Endocytosis - enveloping a part or whole of the part for transporting it into the cell

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Receptor mediated endocytosis

• Exocytosis - transporting the particle outside the cell, by vescile formation.

In bacteria transport occurs via facilitated diffusion

Ans: C-proton gradient ,D- osmosis ,E - endocytosis and exocytosis