Question

For my computer class I have to create a program that deals with making and searching tweets. I am done with the program but keep getting the error below when I try the first option in the shell. Can someone please explain this error and show me how to fix it in my code below? Thanks!

twitter.py - C:/Users/Owner/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python38/twitter.py (3.8.3) File Edit Format Run Options Window Help import pickle as pk from Tweet import Tweet import os def show menu(): print ("Tweet Menu") print("-"*10) print("1. Make a Tweet") print("2. View Recent Tweets") print("3. Search Tweets") print("4. Quit") def recent tweets(): global tweets tweets size = len (tweets) count = min (5, tweets_size) rec_tweets = [] for i in range (1, count+1): tweet = tweets[tweets_size-i] rec_tweets.append(tweet) return rec tweets def search tweets (search_for): global tweets matched tweets = [] tweets size = len (tweets) for i in range (tweets_size): tweet = tweets (tweets_size-1-i] if search_for in tweet.get_text(): matched_tweets.append(tweet) return matched_tweets tweets = [] if (os.path.exists('tweets.p')): tweets = pk.load (open ("tweets.p", "rb")) while True: show_menu() option = 0 while True: option = input ("What would you like to do? ") if option.isnumeric(): option = int(option) if option > 0 and option < 5:

Answer 1

Working code implemented in Python and appropriate comments provided for better understanding:

Here I am attaching code for these files:

• Twitter.py
• Tweet.py

Source code for Twitter.py:

# twitter.py

import Tweet, pickle

def main():

tweet_file_name = "tweets.dat"
tweets = load_tweets(tweet_file_name)
  
while (True):
print_menu()
choice = get_menu_choice()

# Make a Tweet
if (choice == 1):
create_tweet(tweets)
save_tweets(tweet_file_name, tweets)
  
# View Recent Tweets
elif (choice == 2):
view_recent_tweets(tweets, 5)
  
# Search Tweets
elif (choice == 3):
search_tweets(tweets)
  
# Exit
else:
print("\nThank you for using the Tweet Manager!")
break

def load_tweets(tweet_file_name):
try:
# Attempt to open tweet_file_name
tweet_file = open(tweet_file_name, "rb")
tweets = pickle.load(tweet_file)
tweet_file.close()
except:
# If tweet_file_name cannot be loaded, start with an empty list
tweets = []

# Return Tweet list
return tweets

def save_tweets(tweet_file_name, tweets):
try:
# Attempt to save the Tweet list
output_file = open(tweet_file_name, "wb")
pickle.dump(tweets, output_file)
output_file.close()
except:
print("Error: The Tweets could not be saved.")

def print_menu():
# Print the Tweet Menu
print("\nTweet Menu")
print("----------")
print("1. Make a Tweet")
print("2. View Recent Tweets")
print("3. Search Tweets")
print("4. Quit")

def get_menu_choice():
# Prompt for a choice and validate it
while (True):
try:
choice = int(input("\nWhat would you like to do? "))
if (choice < 1 or choice > 4):
print("Please select a valid option.")
continue
except:
print("Please enter a numeric value.")
else:
break

return choice

def create_tweet(tweets):
# Ask for the user's name
name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
  
while (True):
# Ask for the user's message
text = input("What would you like to tweet? ")

# If the tweet is too long, display an error and ask again
if (len(text) > 140):
print("\nTweets can only be 140 characters!\n")
else:
# ...otherwise, the tweet is <140 characters, so stop looping
break

# Create a Tweet object using the user's name and message
tweet = Tweet.Tweet(name, text)

# Add the Tweet to the tweets list
tweets.append(tweet)

# Print a confirmation that the Tweet has been made
print(name, ", your tweet has been saved.", sep="")

def view_recent_tweets(tweets, count):
print("\nRecent Tweets")
print("-------------")

# Check if there are any Tweets
if (len(tweets) < 1):
print("There are no recent tweets.")
else:
# If there are Tweets, get the five most recent and reverse their order
reordered_last_five_tweets = reversed(tweets[-5:])

# Loop through and print the recent Tweets
for tweet in reordered_last_five_tweets:
print_tweet(tweet)

def search_tweets(tweets):
# Check if there are any Tweets
if (len(tweets) < 1):
print("\nThere are no tweets to search.")
else:
# Ask the user for a search term
search_term = input("\nWhat would you like to search for? ")

print("\nSearch Results")
print("--------------")

# Reorder the Tweets to show the most recent first
reordered_tweets = reversed(tweets)
found_term = False

# Loop through the Tweets
for tweet in reordered_tweets:
# Look for the search term in each Tweet's text
if (search_term in tweet.get_text()):
print_tweet(tweet)
found_term = True

if (not found_term):
print("No tweets contained", search_term)

def print_tweet(tweet):
print(tweet.get_author(), "-", tweet.get_age())
print("", tweet.get_text(), "\n")
  

# Call main
main()

Code Screenshots:

# twitter.py import Tweet, pickle def main(): tweet_file_name = "tweets.dat" tweets = load_tweets(tweet_file_name) while (True): print_menu() choice get_menu_choice() # Make a Tweet if (choice 1): create_tweet(tweets) save_tweets(tweet_file_name, tweets) # View Recent Tweets elif (choice == 2): view_recent_tweets (tweets, 5) # Search Tweets elif (choice == 3): search_tweets(tweets) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 . 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 32 33 > 34 35 36. 37 37 38 38 39 39 ма 40 41 4 42 42 43 44 +4 45 43 46 47 47 19 48 49 SA 50 51 54 52 52 53 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 # Exit else: print("\nThank you for using the Tweet Manager!") break def load_tweets (tweet_file_name): try: # Attempt to open tweet_file_name tweet_file = open(tweet_file_name, "rb") tweets = pickle.load(tweet_file) tweet_file.close() except: # If tweet_file_name cannot be loaded, start with an empty list [] tweets = # Return Tweet list return tweets def save_tweets (tweet_file_name, tweets): try: # Attempt to save the Tweet list output_file open(tweet_file_name, "wb") pickle.dump(tweets, output_file) output_file.close() except: print("Error: The Tweets could not be saved.") def print_menu():

61 # Print the Tweet Menu 62 print("\nTweet Menu") 63 print("----------") 64 print("1. Make a Tweet") se 65 print("2. View Recent Tweets") ce 66 print("3. Search Tweets") 67 67 print("4. Quit") co 68 co 69 za 70 71 def get_menu_choice(): 72 # Prompt for a choice and validate it 73 v while (True): 74 try: ze 75 choice = int(input("\nWhat would you like to do? ")) ze 76 if (choice < 1 or choice > 4): 77 77 print("Please select a valid option.") zo 78 continue 20 79 except: 80 print("Please enter a numeric value.") 4 81 else: on 82 break 83 OA 84 return choice 85 86 87 88 def create_tweet(tweets): 89 # Ask for the user's name 90 name = input("\nWhat is your name?") 91 92 while (True): 22 93 # Ask for the user's message 94 text = input("What would you like to tweet?") 95 96 # If the tweet is too long, display an error and ask again 97 if (len(text) > 140): 98 print("\nTweets can only be 140 characters!\n") 99 else: 100 # ...otherwise, the tweet is <140 characters, so stop looping 101 102 break 102 104 103 # Create a Tweet object using the user's name and message 104 tweet = Tweet. Tweet(name, text) 20 105 2012 106 # Add the Tweet to the tweets list 10 107 tweets.append(tweet) 100 108 - 109 # Print a confirmation that the Tweet has been made 110 print(name, ", your tweet has been saved.", sep="") 111 112 113 114 def view_recent_tweets(tweets, count): 115 print("\nRecent Tweets") 116 print(" -----") 117 118 # Check if there are any Tweets 119 if (len(tweets) < 1): 120 print("There are no recent tweets.")

else: # If there are Tweets, get the five most recent and reverse their order reordered_last_five_tweets = reversed(tweets[-5:]) # Loop through and print the recent Tweets for tweet in reordered_last_five_tweets: print_tweet(tweet) 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 def search_tweets (tweets): # Check if there are any Tweets if (len(tweets) < 1): print("\nThere are no tweets to search.") else: # Ask the user for a search term search_term = input("\nWhat would you like to search for?") print("\nSearch Results") print(" -------") # Reorder the Tweets to show the most recent first reordered_tweets reversed(tweets) found_term = False # Loop through the Tweets for tweet in reordered_tweets: # Look for the search term in each Tweet's text if (search_term in tweet.get_text(): print_tweet(tweet) found_term = True if (not found_term): print("No tweets contained", search_term) def print_tweet(tweet): print(tweet.get_author(), tweet.get_age()) print("", tweet.get_text(), "\n") # Call main main

Source code for Tweet.py:

# Tweet.py
# Defines Tweet class

import time

class Tweet:
def __init__(self, author, text):
self.__author = author
self.__text = text
self.__age = time.time()
  
  
def get_author(self):
return self.__author
  
  
def get_text(self):
return self.__text
  
  
def get_age(self):
# What is the current time?
now = time.time()
  
# How many seconds, minutes, and hours have passed since tweet?
seconds = now - self.__age
minutes = seconds // 60
hours = seconds // 3600
  
# Return most significant bit
if (hours > 0):
return str(int(hours)) + "h"
elif (minutes > 0):
return str(int(minutes)) + "m"
else:
return str(int(seconds)) + "s"

Code Screenshots:

1 # Tweet.py 2 # Defines Tweet class 3 4 import time 5 6 class Tweet: 7 def _init_(self, author, text): 8 self._author author 9 self._text = text 10 self._age time.time() 11 12 13 def get_author(self): 14 return self._author 15 16 17 def get_text(self): 18 retūrn self._text 19 20 21 V def get_age(self): 22 # What is the current time? 23 now = time.time() 24 25 # How many seconds, minutes, and hours have passed since tweet? 26 seconds - now self._age 27 minutes seconds // 60 28 hours seconds // 3600 29 30 # Return most significant bit 31 if (hours > @): 32 return str(int (hours)) + "h" 33 elif (minutes > 0): 34 return str(int(minutes)) + "m" 35 else: 36 return str(int (seconds)) + "S"

Sample Output Screenshots:

x Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit What would you like to do? 1 What is your name? Sally What would you like to tweet? This is my first tweet! Sally, your tweet has been saved. Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit What would you like to do? 2 Recent Tweets Sally 13s This is my first tweet! Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit What would you like to do? 1 What is your name? David What would you like to tweet? I also like to tweet. This is #fun David, your tweet has been saved. Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit

Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit What would you like to do? 2 Recent Tweets David 11s I also like to tweet. This is #fun Sally - 51s This is my first tweet! Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit What would you like to do? 3 What would you like to search for? fun Search Results David 25s I also like to tweet. This is #fun Tweet Menu 1. Make a Tweet 2. View Recent Tweets 3. Search Tweets 4. Quit What would you like to do? 4 Thank you for using the Tweet Manager!

Hope it helps, if you like the answer give it a thumbs up. Thank you.