Question

Your friend performed gram staining procedure on his bacterial sample, but he forgot to wash his slide with 95% alcohol solution. What result would you expect for his sample and is it reliable? explain B 1 ol

Answer 1

1)

There are four basic steps of the Gram stain:

1. Applying a primary stain (crystal violet) to a heat-fixed smear of a bacterial culture
2. The addition of iodide, which binds to crystal violet and traps it in the cell.
3. Rapid decolorization with ethanol or acetone.
4. Counterstaining with safranin.

In the 3 rd stage alocohol is used beacause Either acetone or ethyl alcohol can be used as the decolorizing agent. The alcohol dissolves lipids found in the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria .

thus after this treatment only gram positive bacteria are stained and negative will be colourless .

If we does not give this treatment there is no diiferntiation as gram positive or negative . As all the bacteria are seen coloured .

2)

Motor neurons of the spinal cord are part of the central nervous system (CNS) and connect to muscles, glands and organs throughout the body.

These neurons transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles (such as those in your stomach), and so directly control all of our muscle movements.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive degeneration of nerve cells that control muscle movements.

The disease, the most common motor neuron disease among adults .

The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death.

When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost.

Voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.