Question

1. What is dynamic data type in C#? How to declare a dynamic data type?

2. Describe in detail the role of Common Language Runtime (CLR) in .NET.

3. Describe abstract classes in C# with an example.

4. List and explain Overloadable and Non-Overloadable Operators in C#.

5. Explain any two ways of passing parameters to a method in C#.

Answer 1

Please upvote if you are able to understand this and if there is any query do mention it in the comment section.

Dynamic data types are those data types are dynamic in nature and there is no need to initialize the dynamic variable when it is declared and also there is no need to write a specific data type while defining it. A dynamic data type can be declared with the help of dynamic keyword as:

dynamic x = 1;

Role of CLR in .Net:

When the program is compiled by the user then the CLR comes into play converting the code into a code which can understandable by the machine and then the code is executed and the output is given to the user. CLR also provides some services like managing the memory, managing the threads etc. which are useful for the implementation of the code or the program.

Abstract classes:

This is a class which cannot be used to make objects and this class is always required to be inherited from some other class in order to implement it. Example:

CODE:

using System;
class HelloWorld {
static void Main() {
example ex;//creating an object of class object
ex = new otherExample();
ex.num();//calling the method with the object
}
}

public abstract class example {//creating an abstract class
public abstract int num();//creating an abstract method
}

public class otherExample : example {//inheriting the abstract class
int n = 2;
public override int num() {//overriding the abstract method
Console.WriteLine(n);//printing the value of n
return n;
}
}

} 9 using System; 10 class HelloWorld { 11 - static void Main() { 12 example ex;//creating an object of class object 13 ex = new otherExample(); 14 ex.num();//calling the method with the object 15 16 } 17 18 - public abstract class example {//creating an abstract class 19 public abstract int num();//creating an abstract method 20 } 21 22. public class otherExample : example {//inheriting the abstract class 23 int n = 2; 24 public override int num() {//overriding the abstract method 25 Console.WriteLine(n);//printing the value of n 26 return n; 27 28 } N N N N N }

OUTPUT:

2 ... Program finished with exit code 0 Press ENTER to exit console.

Overloadable operators:

An overloadable operator is like a function which have a special name written with the keyword operator and after that the symbol is defined for that operator. When the operator has to be overloaded then the return type has to be mentioned alongwith the parameters.

Some overloadable operators can be: +, -, ~, /, % etc.

Non-overloadable operators:

All the operators in C# cannot be overloaded and those operators are non-overloadable operators.

Some non-overloadable operators can be: &&, +=, -=, %=, /= etc.

Ways of passing parameters to a method in C#:

Output parameters: There is criteria that only one value can be returned with the help of return keyword but with the help of output parameters more than multiple values can be returned from a function. This is used when the initial values for the parameters is not defined and the function has to return a value.

Reference parameters: There is a parameter and with the help of reference parameters the values of those parameters can be copied to the memory location of an argument of the function.This is used when there is modification to be made only in the calling function.