The molecules that can function by adding phosphate to a protein are known as kinases. The protein kinases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of phosphate group from ATP (or GTP) to protein substrate.
Hence, the correct option is (d)
About the incorrect options-
(a) These proteins are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
(b) and (c) IP3 and calcium both are second messenger involved in signal transduction.
(e) Phosphatase remove the phosphate group from the protein.
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