b)Variable expense to sales ratio = 636000/848000 = .75
Need $120000 after tax profit, tax@20%
Therefore, net operating income before tax = $120000*(100/80) = $150000
Income before tax -$150000
Add:fixed cost -$100000
Contribution =$250000
Variable expense is 75%, therefore contribution is 25%.
Therefore Sales = Contribution *(100/25)
= 250000 *(100/25)
=$1000000
No of cakes = 1000000/40
= 25000 cakes
a) From above Variable expense ratio to sales is .75
if,Operating profit = $160000
Fixed expense =$100000
Contribution =160000+100000=$260000
therefore,Sales = Contribution * (100/25)
= 260000 * 4
= 1040000
Therefore Number of units = 1040000/40 =26000 Cakes
Note:Varible expense = 75% or .75
Contribution = Sales - Variable expense
= 100 - 75 (or 1-.75)
=25% or .25
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