Question

5. a) Huraikan tindak balas enzim yang berlaku semasa pemasakan buah- buahan Describe the enzymatic reactions that occur during fruit ripening (7 markah/marks) b) Terangkan bagaimana pembungaan diinduksi di bawah keadaan tekanan abiotik Explain how flowers induced under aber stress condition (8 markah/marks)

a) Describe enzymatic reactions that occur during fruit ripening.
b) Explain how flowering induced under abiotic stress condition.

Answer 1

a. The ethylene which is a plant hormone and gas signals developmental changes that result in fruit ripening. New enzymes are made. These include hydrolases to help break down chemicals inside the fruits, amylase to accelerate the hydrolysis of starch into sugar, pectinase to catalyze the digestion of pectin (the glue between cells), and so on.

b. Many types of abiotic stress factors have been reported to induce flowering. These include high or low light intensity, UV light, high or low temperature, poor nutrition, nitrogen deficiency, drought, low oxygen and mechanical stimulation. Stress is simply defined as conditions that suppress the growth or development of plants. However, not all stress factors induce flowering in all plant species. Stress-induced flowering can be considered the ultimate adaptability to stress because flowering results in the reproduction that ensures survival as a species. Thus, stressed plants can produce the next generation as an emergency response even when they themselves cannot adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions.