Question

Part 1 - Simple Classes and Class Variables 1-1 Define and implement a class named animal that has the following public constructors and behaviours animal (string aSpecies); // animals are allocated a unique ID on creation, // the first animal has ID 1, the second animal is 2 and so on void set_name(string aName); // change the animal's name string get_speciesO; string get nameO; int get_IDO; // the animal's unique ID This should be straight forward except for the ID. How do we keep track of what ID number we are up to? The solution to this problem is to declare a class variable as we saw in the Panda example. A class variable as its name implies is a variable that belongs to the class itself, not object instances. It is declared in the class declaration (just like other state variable) but is identified as a class variable by the keyword static. There is only one copy of this variable no matter how many object instances are created Class variables are declared in the classname>,h file but they cannot be initialised in a constructor and must be initialised in the <classname>.cpp file. For example, if the animal class has a class variable that is named currentlD and that must be initialised to 0, the animal.h file must contain static int currentID; // the next id number to give out and the animal.cpp file must contain (outside of any of the method implementations) int animal: : current!D = 0 You can access the currentID variable when you are creating objects of class animal. Think carefully about this use currentlD should be 1 when you create your first animal, 2 when you create your second animal, and so on. What will you need to do to currentlD whenever you create an animal? Each animal must have their own unique ID. Do they need their own state variable to hold this unique ID or can they use currentID? Your main program should create two animal objects, an "Elephant" and a "Cheetah", then display their details. Your main program should demonstrate that the name can be changed

In c++ please and a correct answer please because last time some guy gave me a wrong code. Thanks

Answer 1

Each animal will have their own unique ID variable. But there will also be a static variable which will be incremented every time an object is created. And then it will be assigned to the ID of that object.

main.cpp

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class animal
{
string specie; //specie of animal
string name; //name of animal
int ID; //unique id of animal
public:
static int counter; //static variable for ID
animal(string aSpecies) //constructor for setting ID and species
{
counter++; //incrementing counter by 1
ID=counter; //assigning counter to ID
specie=aSpecies;
}
void set_name(string aName) //constructor for setting name
{
name=aName;
}
string get_species() //function to get specie
{
return specie;
}
string get_name() //function to get name
{
return name;
}
int getID() //function to get ID
{
return ID;
}
};
int animal::counter=0; //initializing static variable to 0
int main()
{
animal elephant("asian");
elephant.set_name("elephant");
animal cheetah("african");
cheetah.set_name("cheetah");
cout<<"Elephant details: \n" ;
cout<<elephant.getID()<<endl<<elephant.get_name()<<endl<<elephant.get_species();
cout<<endl<<"Cheetah details: \n";
cout<<cheetah.getID()<<endl<<cheetah.get_name()<<endl<<cheetah.get_species();

return 0;

}

}