Question

Please show Work will rate

Conceptual Checkpoint 18.32 The presence of additional nitro groups can have an impact on the temperature at which a nucleophilic aromatic substitution will readily occur. Consider the following example Cl он 1) NaOH 2) Hyo NO2 NO2 When both R groups are hydrogen atoms, the reaction readily occurs at 130°C. When one of the R groups is a nitro group, the reaction readily occurs at 100°C. When both R groups are nitro groups, the reaction readily occurs at 35°C Choose an explanation that justifies the lower temperature requirement with additional nitro groups. Each additional nitro group serves as a reservoir of electron density in the Meisenheimer complex and increases the activation energy Each additional nitro group serves as a site for less electron density and increases the activation energy of the Meisenheimer complex. Each additional nitro group serves as a reservoir of electron density and lowers the activation energy in the Meisenheimer complex Each additional nitro group serves as a site for less electron density and lowers the activation energy of the Meisenheimer complex. If a fourth nitro group is placed on the ring, would you expect the temperature requirement to be significantly lowered further? Choose the correct reason. Yes, a fourth nitro group would not be ortho or para to the leaving group, and would provide resonance stabilization for the Meisenheimer complex No, a fourth nitro group would not be ortho or para to the leaving group, and would not provide resonance stabilization for the Meisenheimer complex. Yes, the four NOz groups will make the ring more electrophilic O O No, the four NOz groups will make the ring nucleophilic

Answer 1

Cl a on i..Θ 1

NO_{​​​​​2} group is an electron withdrawing group. Therefore if NO_{​​​​​2} group attached to ortho or para positions then it can increase stability of meisenheimer complex by dispersal of negative charge. Hence

Each additional nitro group serve as a site for less electron density and lowers the activation energy of the meisenheimer complex.

Fourth nitro group would not be ortho or para to the leaving group therefore it would not provide resonance stabilization for the meisenheimer complex