In the CIO article by Moira Alexander. List and summarize the principles of each agile methodology. Feel free to further research each of these agile types. 900 words or more and please do not use bullet points or list. However, this is a mini case of at least 2 or 3 pages.
The Agile Manifesto and the Twelve Principles of Agile Software were the consequences of industry frustration in the 1990s. The enormous time lag between business requirements (the applications and features customers were requesting) and the delivery of technology that answered those needs, led to the cancelling of many projects. Business, requirements, and customer requisites changed during this lag time, and the final product did not meet the then current needs. The software development models of the day, led by the Waterfall model, were not meeting the demand for speed and did not take advantage of just how quickly software could be altered.
In 2000, a group of seventeen “thought leaders,” including Jon Kern, Kent Beck, Ward Cunningham, Arie van Bennekum, and Alistair Cockburn, met first at a resort in Oregon and later, in 2001, at The Lodge at Snowbird ski resort in Utah. It was at the second meeting where the Agile Manifesto and the Twelve Principles were formally written. The Manifesto reads:
“We are uncovering better ways of
developing
software by doing it and helping others do it.
Through this work we have come to value:
“Individuals and interactions over
processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
“That is, while there is value in the
items on
the right, we value the items on the left more.”
THE FOUR VALUES OF THE AGILE MANIFESTO
The Agile Manifesto is comprised of four foundational values and 12 supporting principles which lead the Agile approach to software development. Each Agile methodology applies the four values in different ways, but all of them rely on them to guide the development and delivery of high-quality, working software.
1. Individuals and Interactions Over Processes and
Tools
The first value in the Agile Manifesto is “Individuals and
interactions over processes and tools.” Valuing people more highly
than processes or tools is easy to understand because it is the
people who respond to business needs and drive the development
process. If the process or the tools drive development, the team is
less responsive to change and less likely to meet customer needs.
Communication is an example of the difference between valuing
individuals versus process. In the case of individuals,
communication is fluid and happens when a need arises. In the case
of process, communication is scheduled and requires specific
content.
2. Working Software Over Comprehensive
Documentation
Historically, enormous amounts of time were spent on documenting
the product for development and ultimate delivery. Technical
specifications, technical requirements, technical prospectus,
interface design documents, test plans, documentation plans, and
approvals required for each. The list was extensive and was a cause
for the long delays in development. Agile does not eliminate
documentation, but it streamlines it in a form that gives the
developer what is needed to do the work without getting bogged down
in minutiae. Agile documents requirements as user stories, which
are sufficient for a software developer to begin the task of
building a new function.
The Agile Manifesto values documentation, but it values working
software more.
3. Customer Collaboration Over Contract
Negotiation
Negotiation is the period when the customer and the product manager
work out the details of a delivery, with points along the way where
the details may be renegotiated. Collaboration is a different
creature entirely. With development models such as Waterfall,
customers negotiate the requirements for the product, often in
great detail, prior to any work starting. This meant the customer
was involved in the process of development before development began
and after it was completed, but not during the process. The Agile
Manifesto describes a customer who is engaged and collaborates
throughout the development process, making. This makes it far
easier for development to meet their needs of the customer. Agile
methods may include the customer at intervals for periodic demos,
but a project could just as easily have an end-user as a daily part
of the team and attending all meetings, ensuring the product meets
the business needs of the customer.
4. Responding to Change Over Following a
Plan
Traditional software development regarded change as an expense, so
it was to be avoided. The intention was to develop detailed,
elaborate plans, with a defined set of features and with
everything, generally, having as high a priority as everything
else, and with a large number of many dependencies on delivering in
a certain order so that the team can work on the next piece of the
puzzle.
With Agile, the shortness of an iteration means priorities can be shifted from iteration to iteration and new features can be added into the next iteration. Agile’s view is that changes always improve a project; changes provide additional value.
Perhaps nothing illustrates Agile’s positive approach to change better than the concept of Method Tailoring, defined in An Agile Information Systems Development Method in use as: “A process or capability in which human agents determine a system development approach for a specific project situation through responsive changes in, and dynamic interplays between contexts, intentions, and method fragments.” Agile methodologies allow the Agile team to modify the process and make it fit the team rather than the other way around.
THE TWELVE AGILE MANIFESTO PRINCIPLES
The Twelve Principles are the guiding principles for the methodologies that are included under the title “The Agile Movement.” They describe a culture in which change is welcome, and the customer is the focus of the work. They also demonstrate the movement’s intent as described by Alistair Cockburn, one of the signatories to the Agile Manifesto, which is to bring development into alignment with business needs.
The twelve principles of agile development include:
The intention of Agile is to align development with business needs, and the success of Agile is apparent. Agile projects are customer focused and encourage customer guidance and participation. As a result, Agile has grown to be an overarching view of software development throughout the software industry and an industry all by itself.
In the CIO article by Moira Alexander. List and summarize the principles of each agile methodology....
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