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The expanded NeedhamSchroeder Protocol can be shortened to a 6-message protocol without loss of security by...

The expanded NeedhamSchroeder Protocol can be shortened to a 6-message protocol without loss of security by merely removing the 7th message. Why is this true? (Hint: the purpose of the 7th message is to prove to Bob that he is talking to Alice, but he already knows that. Why?)

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Answer #1

The expanded NeedhamSchroeder Protocol can be shortened to a 6-message protocol without loss of security by merely removing the 7th message because:

The ticket issued by KDC is encrypted by Alice's key, KAlice, so the only one who can decrypt the fourth message and get the ticket to Bob is Alice, which means that the one who is sending the ticket to Bob is Alice. (No one can get the ticket from the fouth message. In this way Bob knows that he is already talking to Alice.

Hence can be shortened to 6-message protocol .

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