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8. (4 pts) A volume of gas receives 1000 J of heat energy and then expands against the atmospheric tpressure, doing 500 J of work. What is the change in internal energy (U) of the gas? 19. (5 pts) A steam turbine receives steam at 1300 K and releases heat to the Ohio River at 300 K. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of this heat engine? 20. Heat is transferred from a lake at 300K to melt an ice block of mass 0.5 kg. (a) What is the entropy change of the ice? (b) Of the lake? (c) Of the Universe?
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