Solution1)
x-ray photo electron spectroscopy is performed in ultrahigh vacuum as Ultra high vacuum ensures that there would be almost negligible amount of gas molecule are present which give us
i) correct energy of the photo electron (ii) To enhance the intensity of the photo-electrons at the detector
Solution2)
As X-ray can penetrate more than 10nm in the sample but the photo-electrons which come from the depth larger than 10nm can collide with the other electrons and will go back .
Solution3)
Binding energy of the photo-electron come in x-ray photo
electron spectroscopy is
where are binding
and kinetic energy and
are
energy of x-rays and work-function of the material
respectively.
Solution4)
If Monochromatic source is not used, then it may happen that photo-electrons belongs to different element present in the sample get out of the samples using different energies of the beam and lead to the same kinetic energy which would create confusion about the type of element from which they are coming.
Please use the data in this table as needed to answer the questions below Binding Energy...