Question

Currently making an LED clap switch circuit for a class of mine. I understand how the 555 timer works. I wanted to use a 741 Op-Amp as a buffer to the 555 in comparator configuration. However I see many examples online of this done with two transistor. I get the basics of how transistors work but how do they work to make the LED be lit in this current configuration?

The pulse on the left is a clap from the microphone. I have this working I know want to understand the theory behind the transistor part.

Again I have this working in a. sim and in real life, but would like a quick and dirty circuit theory breakdown from transistors to 555 from someone more experienced than I. Thanks!

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Answer 1

External factors :

1. Increased regulation in environmental laws : There will be additional and increased regulations on the emission levels. Environmental laws will have drastic changes. Organic fuels may come into existence. Luxury electric cars may come into existence.
2. Disruptive Technologies - New technologies may come into existence. Few breakthrough technologies like autonomous cars may come into being.
3. Competition - New markets will gradually emerge for ecological car models. New competitors and competition with take a front seat in the automobile industry.

Additional information and functionality in automobile industry -

1. Now that asset sharing is already in the market, just like UBER Inc,  new functionalities may add up in this arena
2. Most of the fuel vehicles will be replaced by electric vehicles with more focus on environment conservation.

Industry 2: Software vendors

External factors:

1. Disruptive technologies - Technologies will change. More advance technologies will emerge replacing the old ones. Hence, it will be difficult for software vendors in planning the demand.
2. New competitors in the market - New competitors with more sophisticated products will emerge. Software vendors will have more and better options to choose from
3. Reduced margins - With the increased changes in the technology, the margins on the products will considerably reduce.  A software product cost will take a greater dip and will reduced to half. Hence the margins for the vendors will also dip further.

Additional information and functionality :

1. Software vendors in this will have increased sales since the demand for new and advance technologies will increase.
2. Demand has to be planned properly with proper forecast. Adequate software resources should be made available.